Which modes of transmission occur with HIV infection? (Select all that apply)

Choice A reason:
Elevated triglycerides are a concern and are associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease, but they are not as strong a predictor of coronary atherosclerosis as elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Triglycerides contribute to the overall lipid profile and can indicate metabolic issues, but LDL is more directly linked to plaque formation in arteries.

Choice B reason:
Elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is generally considered beneficial and protective against coronary artery disease. HDL helps remove cholesterol from the bloodstream and arterial walls, transporting it to the liver for excretion. Therefore, elevated HDL is not concerning and is actually desirable.

Choice C reason:
Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the most concerning when considering the risk of coronary atherosclerosis. LDL is known as "bad cholesterol" because high levels can lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Managing and reducing LDL levels is a primary goal in preventing and treating coronary artery disease.

Choice D reason:
Elevated cholesterol is a general term that can refer to increased levels of any lipoprotein in the blood. While concerning, it is more important to identify which specific lipoproteins are elevated. Elevated LDL levels, in particular, are more directly related to the risk of coronary atherosclerosis compared to total cholesterol.

Choice A reason:
Sucralfate does not primarily work by reducing acid production but rather by forming a protective barrier over ulcers. The statement "Sucralfate reduces acid production in the stomach" is incorrect. Sucralfate's main action is to adhere to the ulcer site and protect it, thus helping in the healing process. The student’s misunderstanding is that sucralfate reduces acid production, which is not the primary mechanism of action for this medication.

Choice B reason:
Sucralfate is known for having minimal systemic side effects because it works locally in the stomach rather than being absorbed into the bloodstream. The statement that sucralfate does not cause systemic side effects is correct, as sucralfate's action is mainly localized to the gastrointestinal tract, making systemic side effects uncommon.

Choice C reason:
Sucralfate should indeed be administered one hour before meals. This timing allows it to form a protective barrier on the stomach lining before food can stimulate acid production, which is crucial for its effectiveness in treating peptic ulcers. Therefore, the statement about its administration time is correct and does not indicate a need for further teaching.