Which of the following actions allows for repolarization of a neuron?
The inhibition of sodium and potassium pumps, stopping all ion movement into the neuron
The opening of sodium channels, allowing sodium to enter the neuron
The closing of both sodium and potassium channels to restrict movement of ions into and out of the
neuron
The Correct Answer is D
The opening of potassium channels allows potassium to leave the neuron. Repolarization of a neuron occurs after an action potential when the neuron's membrane potential returns to its resting state. This is achieved by the opening of potassium channels, which allows potassium ions to flow out of the neuron. This movement of positively charged ions out of the neuron helps to restore the negative membrane potential.
A. The inhibition of sodium and potassium pumps would not allow for repolarization because these pumps are necessary for maintaining the resting membrane potential.
B. The opening of sodium channels would cause depolarization, not repolarization.
C. The closing of both sodium and potassium channels would restrict ion movement, but it would not allow for repolarization.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Most of the carbon dioxide from the blood moves into the alveoli by diffusion down a concentration gradient ¹. Carbon dioxide is always carried in the blood and is released into alveolar air during expiration ¹. Respiratory gases move from higher concentration to lower concentration ¹. In alveolar air, when carbon dioxide is less than in blood, carbon dioxide is released ¹.
The other options are not correct because they do not accurately describe the process by which most of the carbon dioxide from the blood moves into the alveoli. Passive transport using carrier proteins, active transport using energy, and conversion to carbon monoxide are not the processes responsible for moving most of the carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveoli.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The statement that best supports the grant proposal is a. Repeating the published work will provide independent confirmation of the results. Independent confirmation of results is an important part of the scientific process. By repeating an experiment that was recently published by another researcher, the researcher writing the grant proposal can provide additional evidence to support or refute the original findings.
B. Repeating published work with changed variables will extend the previous results, but this is not the main goal of repeating an experiment.
C. Funding this important research will benefit science in the long term is a general statement that does not specifically support the grant proposal to repeat an experiment.
D. Funding this grant proposal will allow this laboratory to continue to study this topic is also a general statement that does not specifically support the grant proposal to repeat an experiment.
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