Which of the following are part of the first line of defense against invaders: (select all that apply)
Neutrophils
Inflammation
Tears
Saliva
Correct Answer : C,D
A. Neutrophils are part of the second line of defense, not the first. They are white blood cells that respond to infection by phagocytosing pathogens after they have entered the body.
B. Inflammation is part of the second line of defense. It is an immune response that occurs after a pathogen has breached the body's barriers.
C. Tears are part of the first line of defense. They contain enzymes like lysozyme that help wash away and destroy pathogens on the surface of the eye.
D. Saliva is part of the first line of defense. It contains enzymes and antimicrobial substances that help neutralize and flush out pathogens from the mouth.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Oxygen delivery to tissues is the primary function of the circulatory system, not the lymphatic system.
B. Thermoregulation is primarily carried out by the circulatory system and other mechanisms like sweating, not the lymphatic system.
C. The transport of absorbed amino acids from the intestine to the liver is a function of the circulatory system, specifically through the hepatic portal vein, not the lymphatic system.
D. The lymphatic system is involved in the absorption of digested fats through specialized lymphatic capillaries called lacteals in the small intestine. These lacteals absorb fats and transport them into the lymphatic circulation.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. All of the answers are correct — Complement proteins are part of the immune system and contribute to defense in multiple ways:
B. They attract phagocytes to the site of infection through chemotaxis, enhancing the immune response.
C. They promote inflammation by increasing vascular permeability and attracting immune cells.
D. They can destroy cells by forming the membrane attack complex (MAC), which creates pores in the membranes of pathogens, leading to cell lysis.
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