Which of the following are part of the first line of defense against invaders: (select all that apply)
Neutrophils
Inflammation
Tears
Saliva
Correct Answer : C,D
A. Neutrophils are part of the second line of defense, not the first. They are white blood cells that respond to infection by phagocytosing pathogens after they have entered the body.
B. Inflammation is part of the second line of defense. It is an immune response that occurs after a pathogen has breached the body's barriers.
C. Tears are part of the first line of defense. They contain enzymes like lysozyme that help wash away and destroy pathogens on the surface of the eye.
D. Saliva is part of the first line of defense. It contains enzymes and antimicrobial substances that help neutralize and flush out pathogens from the mouth.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Carotid veins are not the primary veins for receiving lymph from lymphatic vessels. Carotid veins are associated with the head and neck, but they are not the main vessels where lymph drains.
B. Subclavian veins are the correct answer. The lymphatic system drains lymph into the subclavian veins at the junction of the internal jugular vein, where the lymphatic ducts (such as the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct) empty into the bloodstream.
C. Brachial veins are associated with the upper arm and do not receive lymph from the terminal lymphatic vessels.
D. Pulmonary veins are responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart, not lymph.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. GALT (Gut-associated lymphoid tissue) includes Peyer patches, which are found in the lining of the small intestine and play a key role in immune surveillance of the gut.
B. All of the answers are correct: Since all the listed options correctly relate to Peyer patches, the most comprehensive and correct choice is B.
C. MALT (Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) is a broader category that includes GALT as a subset, so Peyer patches are also part of MALT.
D. Peyer patches are part of the lymphatic system, contributing to the body's immune defense mechanisms.
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