Which of the following are symptoms commonly seen during the prodrome stage of measles?

Choice A rationale:

The prodrome stage of measles infection is characterized by symptoms that precede the rash. One of the characteristic features of this stage is a high fever, typically greater than 38.5°C. This fever is a result of the immune response to the viral infection.

Choice B rationale:

Another characteristic of the prodrome stage is malaise and anorexia. Malaise refers to a general feeling of discomfort or unease, while anorexia is a loss of appetite. These symptoms are common during the early stages of many viral infections, including measles.

Choice C rationale:

Koplik spots are small white or bluish-white spots with a red base that appear on the buccal mucosa (inner lining of the cheeks) during the prodrome stage of measles. They are considered pathognomonic for measles, meaning they are highly characteristic of the disease and help differentiate it from other viral rashes.

Choice D rationale:

Maculopapular rash is not characteristic of the prodrome stage but appears during the next stage of measles called the exanthematous stage. This rash consists of flat, red spots (macules) that later develop into raised bumps (papules) It typically starts on the face and spreads downward to the trunk and extremities.

Choice E rationale:

Hyperpigmentation of the skin is not a characteristic of the prodrome or any stage of measles. Hyperpigmentation refers to the darkening of the skin, which is not associated with measles infection.

Choice A rationale:

Antiviral medications are not typically used to treat uncomplicated cases of measles. Supportive care is the mainstay of treatment.

Choice B rationale:

Isolating the client in a private room with negative pressure ventilation is appropriate to prevent the spread of airborne infections like tuberculosis but is not a standard precaution for measles.

Choice C rationale:

Wearing an N95 respirator mask when entering the client's room is essential because measles is highly contagious and transmitted through the respiratory route.

Choice D rationale:

Monitoring vital signs, especially temperature, pulse, and oxygen saturation, is crucial to assess for any signs of complications and to monitor the client's overall condition.

Choice E rationale:

Providing oral care to the client with Koplik spots or oral ulcers is essential for maintaining oral hygiene and preventing secondary infections.