Which of the following best describes heart failure?
Normal cardiac output with impaired filling ability of the heart
Normal cardiac output with impaired electrical conduction of the heart
Decreased cardiac output due to impaired pumping ability of the heart
Increased cardiac output due to excessive pumping ability of the heart
The Correct Answer is C
A. Normal cardiac output with impaired filling ability of the heart – This describes diastolic dysfunction, which can be part of heart failure, but not all heart failure involves normal cardiac output.
B. Normal cardiac output with impaired electrical conduction of the heart –This describes cardiac arrhythmias or conduction disorders, not heart failure.
C. Decreased cardiac output due to impaired pumping ability of the heart – Heart failure is a condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs, resulting in reduced cardiac output. This can be due to systolic dysfunction (weakened contraction) or diastolic dysfunction (impaired filling).
D. Increased cardiac output due to excessive pumping ability of the heart – Heart failure is associated with decreased, not increased, cardiac output.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Pneumothorax – A pneumothorax is a collapsed lung that occurs when air escapes into the pleural space, disrupting the pressure balance and causing lung collapse.
B. Pulmonary edema – Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, typically due to heart failure, not air in the pleural space.
C. Bronchiectasis – This is a chronic condition involving permanent dilation of the bronchi due to repeated infections and inflammation, not collapse from air leakage.
D. Emphysema – Emphysema is a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that involves the destruction of alveoli, leading to air trapping—not lung collapse from air in the pleural cavity.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Notify the client's provider. – While the provider must be notified, the first priority is to assess the client for any adverse effects from the medication error.
B. Administer the medication to the correct client. – This can be done later, but the immediate concern is the safety of the client who received the wrong medication.
C. Fill out an occurrence form. – This is an important later step in reporting the medication error, but not the first action.
D. Check the client's vital signs. – Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker that can lower blood pressure and heart rate. The priority action is to assess the client’s condition, especially vital signs, to detect and respond to any adverse effects promptly.
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