Which of the following best describes heart failure?
Normal cardiac output with impaired filling ability of the heart
Normal cardiac output with impaired electrical conduction of the heart
Decreased cardiac output due to impaired pumping ability of the heart
Increased cardiac output due to excessive pumping ability of the heart
The Correct Answer is C
A. Normal cardiac output with impaired filling ability of the heart – This describes diastolic dysfunction, which can be part of heart failure, but not all heart failure involves normal cardiac output.
B. Normal cardiac output with impaired electrical conduction of the heart –This describes cardiac arrhythmias or conduction disorders, not heart failure.
C. Decreased cardiac output due to impaired pumping ability of the heart – Heart failure is a condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs, resulting in reduced cardiac output. This can be due to systolic dysfunction (weakened contraction) or diastolic dysfunction (impaired filling).
D. Increased cardiac output due to excessive pumping ability of the heart – Heart failure is associated with decreased, not increased, cardiac output.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Nocturnal asthma – This refers to asthma symptoms that worsen at night, often due to circadian changes in airway tone, but it is not inherently life-threatening or unresponsive to treatment.
B. Extrinsic asthma – Also known as allergic asthma, this form is triggered by allergens like pollen or dust and is generally responsive to standard treatments.
C. Status asthmaticus – This is a life-threatening condition involving a severe, prolonged asthma attack that does not respond to routine bronchodilator therapy and requires emergency intervention.
D. Intrinsic asthma – Also called non-allergic asthma, this type is triggered by factors like stress, cold air, or infections, but it is not defined by treatment resistance or severity alone.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "If the medicine causes an upset stomach, take an antacid at the same time." – Antacids that contain calcium, magnesium, or aluminum can interfere with the absorption of ciprofloxacin. They should be taken separately by at least 2 hours.
B. "You should report any tendon discomfort you experience while taking this medication." – Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is associated with an increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture, especially in older adults or those on corticosteroids. Any tendon pain should be reported immediately.
C. "Limit your daily fluid intake while taking this medication." – Clients should be encouraged to increase fluid intake to help flush bacteria from the urinary tract and reduce the risk of crystalluria, a rare side effect of ciprofloxacin.
D. "This medication can cause photophobia, so be sure to wear sunglasses outdoors." –Photophobia is not a known adverse effect of ciprofloxacin. Photosensitivity (sunburn risk), however, can occur, and clients should be advised to use sunscreen—not sunglasses—as a primary precaution.
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