Which of the following best describes the visceral and parietal pleura?
They are surfactant secreting membranes
They line the inner wall of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
They are serous membranes
They line the mediastinum
The Correct Answer is C
A. They are surfactant secreting membranes: Surfactant is secreted by alveolar cells, not pleural membranes.
B. They line the inner wall of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles: These are lined by mucosa, not pleura.
C. They are serous membranes: The visceral pleura covers the lungs; the parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity.
D. They line the mediastinum: The pleura surround the lungs, not the mediastinum specifically.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. There are fewer alveoli available for gas exchange: Pneumonia causes inflammation and fluid buildup in the lungs, while collapsed alveoli (atelectasis) reduce the surface area available for gas exchange. This results in impaired oxygen absorption and carbon dioxide removal, making breathing less efficient.
B. Rapid shallow breathing can compensate for the collapsed alveoli, no further treatment is required: While rapid, shallow breathing can be a response to decreased oxygen levels, it does not fully compensate for the loss of functional alveoli. Patients with pneumonia and atelectasis often require medical intervention, such as oxygen therapy or breathing exercises, to improve lung function.
C. O₂ levels in the blood will increase: Oxygen levels in the blood decrease, not increase, because fewer alveoli are available to facilitate gas exchange. The impaired alveolar function leads to hypoxemia (low blood oxygen), which can cause symptoms like shortness of breath and cyanosis.
D. There will be no effect on breathing and O₂ levels in the blood: Pneumonia and collapsed alveoli significantly affect breathing and oxygen levels. Patients may experience difficulty breathing, reduced oxygen saturation, and increased respiratory effort as their bodies try to compensate for poor oxygen exchange.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Diaphragm: The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that contracts and flattens during inhalation, creating negative pressure to draw air into the lungs.
B. Pectoris minor: The pectoralis minor assists with deep or labored breathing but is not the primary muscle of inhalation.
C. Pectoris major: This chest muscle plays a role in arm movement and may assist minimally in labored breathing.
D. Intercostals: The intercostal muscles assist with breathing but are secondary to the diaphragm.
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