Which of the following blood elements is involved in protecting the body from pathogens?
Electrolytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
Erythrocytes
The Correct Answer is B
a: Electrolytes - Electrolytes are ions such as sodium, potassium, and chloride that play essential roles in various physiological processes but are not directly involved in protecting the body from pathogens.
b. Leukocytes: Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells, are involved in the immune response and protect the body from pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
c: Thrombocytes - Thrombocytes, or platelets, are involved in blood clotting but not in protecting the body from pathogens.
d: Erythrocytes - Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, are primarily involved in transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide and do not play a direct role in immune defense.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
a. Sodium: Correct. Sodium (Na⁺) is the primary extracellular cation and plays a crucial role in maintaining osmotic pressure and fluid balance in the body.
b. Magnesium: Magnesium (Mg²⁺) is important for many cellular functions but is not a major contributor to osmotic pressure compared to sodium.
c. Calcium: Calcium (Ca²⁺) is vital for bone health and cellular processes but does not primarily influence osmotic pressure.
d. Potassium: Potassium (K⁺) is the main intracellular cation and affects cell function, but sodium has a more significant role in osmotic pressure regulation.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
a. Insulin and glucagon: These hormones have opposite effects on blood glucose levels; insulin decreases blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake, while glucagon increases blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis.
b. Ghrelin and gastrin: Ghrelin stimulates appetite, and gastrin stimulates gastric acid secretion, but they do not directly oppose each other.
c. Calcitonin and melatonin: Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels, while melatonin regulates sleep-wake cycles; they do not act as antagonists.
d. Androsterone and estradiol: These are sex hormones with different roles but are not direct antagonists; they do not have opposing effects in the body.
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