Which of the following conditions is most likely to lead to prenatal renal failure?

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

Hypovolemic shock

Congenital obstructive urethra

Glomerulonephritis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

a) Hemolytic uremic syndrome: This condition often follows gastrointestinal infection caused by certain E. coli strains, leading to kidney damage and renal failure, particularly in children.

b) Hypovolemic shock: While severe dehydration and shock can affect renal function, they are not direct causes of prenatal renal failure.

c) Congenital obstructive urethra: This condition occurs when the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body, is blocked or narrowed. This can prevent urine from draining properly and cause damage to the kidneys before birth.

d) Glomerulonephritis: It's a kidney inflammation condition but not typically associated with prenatal renal failure.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

a) Allowing the child to choose what time to take his medication might foster responsibility but may not specifically contribute to the sense of industry.

b) Allowing the child to help with his dressing change encourages responsibility and care but may not directly impact the sense of industry.

c) Allowing the child to assist with his bath encourages independence and self-care, but completing schoolwork often involves goal-setting, effort, and accomplishment, fostering a sense of industry according to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development for this age group.

d) Allowing the child to complete schoolwork fosters the development of a sense of industry. Erik Erikson, a developmental psychologist, proposed a theory of psychosocial development where he described the stage of "industry versus inferiority" occurring during middle childhood (roughly ages 6-12 years).

A. Decrease the amount of potassium in the diet B. Administer non-live virus vaccine C. Limit activity and receive home schooling D. Monitor for seizure activity

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

a) Decrease the amount of potassium in the diet: Steroids can increase potassium loss, so restricting potassium intake is unnecessary and could potentially exacerbate hypokalemia.

b) Administer non-live virus vaccine: Generally acceptable as live-virus vaccines are contraindicated in individuals receiving high-dose steroids due to the risk of developing infections.

c) Limit activity and receive home schooling: While rest might be needed in some situations, home schooling might not always be necessary.

d) Monitor for seizure activity: While monitoring for adverse effects is important, it is not specifically related to the use of high-dose steroids.

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Which of the following conditions is most likely to lead to prenatal renal failure?

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