Which of the following drugs is a non-potassium-sparing diuretic for a child with a cardiac condition?
Captopril (Capoten)
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Chlorothiazide (Duril)
Furosemide (LSK)
The Correct Answer is D
A. Captopril is an ACE inhibitor, not a diuretic. It is used to treat hypertension and heart failure by lowering blood pressure and reducing afterload.
B. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, meaning it helps the body eliminate fluid without causing potassium loss.
C. Chlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic and can cause some potassium loss, but it is generally less potent than loop diuretics like furosemide.
D. Furosemide (Lasix/LSK) is a loop diuretic and a non–potassium-sparing diuretic. It is commonly used in children with cardiac conditions to reduce fluid overload but requires careful monitoring of electrolytes, especially potassium, due to the risk of hypokalemia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Frequent swallowing is a classic sign of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage, as the child may be swallowing blood that is draining down the throat. This can be a subtle but early indicator of bleeding and requires immediate evaluation.
B. Increased pain is expected in the immediate postoperative period and not specific to hemorrhage.
C. Drooling may be due to throat pain or refusal to swallow but is not a key indicator of bleeding.
D. Poor fluid intake is common after tonsillectomy due to pain and discomfort, but not specific to hemorrhage.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Respiratory acidosis results from hypoventilation, where CO₂ is retained, leading to increased carbonic acid and decreased blood pH. This is the opposite of what is expected with tachypnea.
B. Metabolic alkalosis is typically caused by loss of gastric acid (e.g., vomiting) or excessive bicarbonate intake, not by altered respiratory rates.
C. Metabolic acidosis occurs in conditions such as diarrhea, renal failure, or diabetic ketoacidosis—not directly from changes in respiratory rate.
D. Sustained tachypnea (rapid breathing), especially in a child, leads to excessive exhalation of CO₂, reducing carbonic acid levels and raising blood pH, resulting in respiratory alkalosis.
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