Which of the following factors are known to commonly trigger a crisis in patients with sickle cell disease? (Select all that apply)

Airplane flights

Dehydration

Cold weather

Illness

Flashing light patterns on television

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D

A.   Airplane flights can trigger a crisis due to changes in altitude and decreased oxygen levels in the cabin. The lower atmospheric pressure and reduced oxygen can contribute to sickling of red blood cells, increasing the risk of a crisis.
B.   Dehydration is a significant trigger for sickle cell crises. It can lead to hemoconcentration, making the blood more viscous and promoting sickling of the red blood cells. Maintaining hydration is crucial for preventing crises.
C.   Exposure to cold weather can trigger vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell patients. Cold temperatures can cause blood vessels to constrict, reducing blood flow and increasing the likelihood of sickling and pain episodes.
D.   Any illness, particularly infections, can trigger a sickle cell crisis. Infections can lead to increased metabolic demand, dehydration, and inflammatory responses, all of which can contribute to vaso- occlusion and pain.
E.   While certain sensory stimuli can affect individuals with various conditions (like migraines), flashing light patterns on television are not commonly recognized triggers for a sickle cell crisis. There is no substantial evidence linking this to vaso-occlusive events in sickle cell disease.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. A positive ketone result indicates the presence of ketones in the urine, which can occur in conditions such as diabetes, fasting, or starvation. It is not indicative of a UTI.
B. A positive leukocyte esterase test indicates the presence of white blood cells (WBCs) in the urine, suggesting inflammation or infection, commonly associated with a UTI. This enzyme is released by WBCs, making it a key marker for infections.
C. The presence of crystals in the urine can indicate various conditions, including kidney stones or metabolic disorders, but it is not a specific marker for a UTI.
D. Hyaline casts may appear in the urine in response to dehydration or concentrated urine but are not specific to urinary tract infections. They can be seen in various renal conditions and do not indicate infection.

A. Positive ANA titer B. 2+ urine protein C. Increased hemoglobin D. Increased serum T3 and T4 E. Elevated BUN

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

A. A positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer is a common finding in SLE. This test is often used as a screening tool for autoimmune diseases, and most patients with SLE will have a positive ANA. Therefore, this finding is expected.
B. The presence of protein in the urine (proteinuria) is indicative of kidney involvement, which can occur in SLE due to lupus nephritis. Given the client's difficulty urinating and other symptoms, this finding would be anticipated.
C. This statement is unlikely to be correct. In SLE, anemia is common due to various factors, including chronic disease, bone marrow involvement, or hemolysis. Therefore, an increased hemoglobin level would not be expected in this scenario.
D. This finding is not typically associated with SLE. SLE is primarily an autoimmune disease affecting the connective tissues, and thyroid function tests (like T3 and T4) would not show increased levels unless there is an underlying thyroid disorder. Therefore, this finding is not expected in SLE.
E. An elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level may be anticipated, especially if there is kidney involvement due to lupus nephritis. Increased BUN can indicate impaired kidney function, which aligns with the client's symptoms of difficulty urinating.

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Which of the following factors are known to commonly trigger a crisis in patients with sickle cell disease? (Select all that apply)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing urinalysis results for four clients. Which of the following urinalysis results indicates urinary tract infection?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the plan of care for a client who has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The client reports fatigue, joint tenderness, swelling, and difficulty urinating. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse anticipate? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

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