Your client is diagnosed with Pernicious Anemia. What is the MOST likely treatment that they will receive?

Vit B12 IM

Iron PO

PRBC Transfusion

NS IV infusion

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Patients with this condition cannot absorb vitamin B12 from food due to a lack of intrinsic factor, which is essential for vitamin B12 absorption in the intestines. Therefore, vitamin B12 is administered via intramuscular (IM) injection to bypass the gastrointestinal absorption issue, ensuring that the patient receives the necessary amount of this vital nutrient.
B.   While iron supplements may be necessary for other types of anemia (like iron deficiency anemia), they are not the primary treatment for Pernicious Anemia. This condition is specifically related to vitamin B12 deficiency rather than iron deficiency, so iron is not a standard treatment option in this scenario.
C.   Packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions may be used in severe cases of anemia, particularly if the patient is symptomatic or has significant fatigue or cardiovascular instability. However, this is not a direct treatment for Pernicious Anemia itself and is not routinely used as the primary management strategy.
D.   Normal saline (NS) intravenous infusion may be used for hydration or to maintain fluid balance, but it does not address the underlying cause of Pernicious Anemia. It is not a treatment for the deficiency of vitamin B12.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Diabetes Insipidus is primarily related to issues with the production of vasopressin (ADH) or the body's response to it, which is not directly caused by CKD. CKD may lead to fluid retention and imbalances, but it does not typically cause recurrent bouts of diabetes insipidus.
B. In CKD, the kidneys lose their ability to produce erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow. Patients often require erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) like erythropoietin injections to manage anemia associated with CKD.
C. CKD patients are often hyperkalemic (high potassium levels) rather than hypokalemic. As kidney function declines, the kidneys struggle to excrete potassium, leading to elevated levels, which can cause serious complications.
D. CKD patients often experience hypocalcemia (low calcium levels) due to several factors, including decreased activation of vitamin D and imbalances in phosphate levels. While some patients may experience transient hypercalcemia due to treatments or dietary factors, chronic hypercalcemia is not typical in CKD.

A. Client report of intense feeling of heat in the fingers B. Pallor of the toes with cold exposure C. Feet that become reddened with ambulation D. Swelling of the joints of the fingers

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. This is not typical for Raynaud's phenomenon. Instead, Raynaud's is characterized by episodes of reduced blood flow to the extremities, often triggered by cold or stress, leading to sensations of coldness or numbness rather than warmth.
B. This finding aligns with Raynaud's phenomenon. During an episode, the blood vessels constrict in response to cold or stress, leading to pallor (whiteness) in the affected areas, such as the toes and fingers. This is a classic symptom of the condition.
C. While feet can become reddened due to increased blood flow after rewarming or after exposure to warmth, this is not a characteristic feature of Raynaud's phenomenon. In Raynaud's, the affected areas typically exhibit color changes from white (pallor) to blue (cyanosis) and then red (hyperemia) as blood flow returns, but redness upon ambulation is not specifically indicative of the phenomenon.
D. Swelling of the joints can occur in SLE due to arthritis or inflammation but is not a direct symptom of Raynaud's phenomenon. Raynaud's primarily affects blood flow and does not inherently cause joint swelling; however, a client with SLE may experience joint symptoms due to other underlying inflammatory processes.

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Your client is diagnosed with Pernicious Anemia. What is the MOST likely treatment that they will receive?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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