Which of the following is a basic emotion that typically emerges during the first year of life?
Pride
Guilt
Embarrassment
Anger
Shame
The Correct Answer is D
A. Pride: Pride is a self-conscious emotion that emerges later (requires self-awareness and standards).
B. Guilt: Guilt is self-conscious and develops after children have self-representation and standards (later than infancy).
C. Embarrassment: Embarrassment is self-conscious and appears after the second year, not typically in the first year.
D. Anger: anger is a basic emotion that appears in infancy (within the first year) alongside joy, sadness, and fear.
E. Shame: Shame is self-conscious and emerges later as children develop self-evaluative capacity.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Ride a tricycle:Riding a tricycle is an earlier gross-motor milestone (commonly around age 3).
B. Hop on one foot:Hopping on one foot emerges around ages 3-4 (gross motor), often before age 5.
C. Use the pincer grasp to play a game:Pincer grasp is an infant fine-motor milestone (around 9-12 months), well before age 5.
D. Tie his shoes:tying shoelaces is a refined fine-motor skill many children begin to manage around 5 years (or shortly after).
E. Build a tower with ten blocks:Building tall block towers is a toddler skill (fewer blocks by toddlerhood); ten-block towers are usually accomplished earlier than age 5.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS):CVS can be done early (around 10-12 weeks) to obtain fetal tissue for chromosomal/genetic testing, so it’s the usual recommendation when a woman wants early diagnosis.
B. Amniocentesis:Amniocentesis yields fetal cells for karyotyping but is typically performed later (about 15-20 weeks), not as early as 10 weeks.
C. Ultrasound:Ultrasound is noninvasive and used early to confirm pregnancy and date gestation, but it does not provide definitive chromosomal/genetic diagnosis.
D. Bayley Scales:The Bayley Scales assess infant developmental functioning after birth; they are not prenatal genetic tests.
E. Apgar test:The Apgar is an immediate post-birth newborn assessment (appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration), not a prenatal diagnostic test.
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