Which of the following is a characteristic finding in progeria?

A. Emphysema, a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is the most common cause of a barrel chest. It occurs due to the destruction of the alveoli, leading to air trapping and overinflation of the lungs, which causes the chest to take on a rounded, barrel-like appearance.

B. Pneumonia typically causes acute symptoms like fever, cough, and difficulty breathing, but it does not cause the chronic lung changes that result in a barrel chest.

C. Tuberculosis can cause lung damage, but it does not typically result in the barrel chest shape. It is more associated with symptoms like cough, hemoptysis, and weight loss.

D. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute condition involving rapid onset of severe respiratory distress, often due to trauma or infection. It does not cause the chronic structural changes seen in a barrel chest.

A. Insulin is secreted by beta cells of the pancreas, not alpha cells. Therefore, a lack of alpha cells would not affect insulin secretion.

B. Alpha cells of the pancreas are responsible for secreting glucagon, which helps raise blood glucose levels by promoting the release of glucose from the liver. Without alpha cells, glucagon secretion would be impaired.

C. Somatostatin and gastrin are secreted by delta cells and G cells, respectively, not alpha cells. Therefore, a lack of alpha cells would not prevent the secretion of these hormones.

D. Pancreatic polypeptides are secreted by F cells in the pancreas, not alpha cells. Therefore, a lack of alpha cells would not affect the secretion of pancreatic polypeptides.