The most common cause of endocrine disorders is:

A. Anti-inflammatory drugs do not primarily work by increasing blood flow to the tissues. While some may have vasodilatory effects, their primary function is to reduce inflammation.

B. Anti-inflammatory drugs do not directly decrease scar formation. They reduce inflammation, which may indirectly help prevent excessive scarring in tissues affected by chronic inflammation, but this is not their primary action.

C. The main action of anti-inflammatory drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroids, is to block the chemical mediators of inflammation, such as prostaglandins. This reduces pain, swelling, and other symptoms of inflammation.

D. Anti-inflammatory drugs do not directly enhance the body's immune system. In fact, some, like corticosteroids, may suppress immune responses to reduce inflammation.

A. The presence of epithelial cells in urinary casts is indicative of acute tubular necrosis (ATN), a condition where the tubular cells in the kidneys are damaged, often due to ischemia or nephrotoxic substances. These damaged cells shed into the urine, forming casts.

B. Glomerulonephritis is characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli and typically leads to hematuria and proteinuria, but it is not specifically associated with epithelial cells in casts.

C. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) usually cause bacteriuria, pyuria, and sometimes hematuria, but not epithelial cell casts.

D. Pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidneys that can cause white blood cell casts and bacteria in the urine, but it is not typically associated with epithelial cell casts.