Which manifestation is more commonly found in chronic bronchitis than in emphysema?
Cyanosis
Dyspnea
Lymphadenopathy
Cough
The Correct Answer is D
A. Cyanosis is a common feature in both chronic bronchitis and emphysema due to hypoxemia, but it is more often seen in chronic bronchitis due to the persistent airway obstruction and reduced gas exchange.
B. Dyspnea (shortness of breath) is more commonly associated with emphysema due to the destruction of alveolar walls and loss of lung elasticity, which impairs gas exchange. Chronic bronchitis can also cause dyspnea, but it is more closely linked with emphysema.
C. Lymphadenopathy is not a characteristic feature of chronic bronchitis or emphysema; it is more associated with infections or malignancies.
D. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by a persistent cough with sputum production, which is a hallmark symptom. This is more prominent in chronic bronchitis than in emphysema, where the cough is less frequent and sputum production is less significant.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. A random blood sugar of 150 mg/dL is within an acceptable range for someone with diabetes, though it may suggest some fluctuation in blood glucose levels. It does not definitively indicate poor control of diabetes.
B. There are multiple methods to determine if diabetes is under tight control, including blood glucose monitoring and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) testing.
C. A reduced glycosylated hemoglobin level would indicate that blood glucose levels have been well-controlled over the past few months, suggesting that the patient is in tight control.
D. An elevated glycosylated hemoglobin level indicates that the patient's average blood glucose levels have been higher than recommended over the past 2-3 months, suggesting poor control of diabetes despite the patient's reported blood sugar levels. HbA1c is a key indicator of long-term glucose control.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar-nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) is more commonly associated with type 2 diabetes. It is characterized by very high blood sugar levels and dehydration, but without significant ketone production. It typically occurs in older adults with type 2 diabetes who experience severe dehydration and illness.
B. Hypoglycemia is more commonly associated with type 1 diabetes due to the frequent need for insulin therapy, which can cause low blood sugar levels. In type 2 diabetes, hypoglycemia is less common unless the patient is on insulin or certain oral medications.
C. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is primarily a complication of type 1 diabetes. It occurs when there is a severe insulin deficiency, leading to the breakdown of fat for energy and the production of ketones. While DKA can occur in type 2 diabetes, it is far more common in type 1.
D. The Somogyi effect refers to rebound hyperglycemia following an episode of hypoglycemia, typically occurring overnight. It is more commonly seen in type 1 diabetes, especially when insulin doses are too high, causing low blood sugar at night followed by a rebound increase in blood sugar.
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