Which manifestation is more commonly found in chronic bronchitis than in emphysema?

A. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH and a decrease in bicarbonate, but it is not typically associated with hypokalemia. In fact, acidosis may cause potassium to shift out of cells, increasing serum potassium levels.

B. Metabolic alkalosis is often associated with hypokalemia because the body compensates for alkalosis by shifting potassium into cells, leading to a lower serum potassium level. This is commonly seen with conditions like vomiting or the overuse of diuretics.

C. Hyperchloremia refers to elevated chloride levels, which may be associated with metabolic acidosis, but it is not directly linked to hypokalemia.

D. "None of the above" is incorrect because metabolic alkalosis is a known condition associated with hypokalemia.

A. Needle thoracentesis is typically performed in cases of pneumothorax or pleural effusion, not asthma exacerbation. The symptoms described do not indicate a pleural space issue that would require thoracentesis.

B. Emergency intubation may be necessary if the asthma exacerbation is severe and unresponsive to initial interventions such as bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and oxygen therapy. The patient's symptoms of severe dyspnea, accessory muscle use, and wheezing suggest respiratory distress, and intubation may be required to secure the airway and assist with ventilation.

C. Pleurodesis is a procedure used to treat recurrent pleural effusions, not asthma exacerbations. It involves the obliteration of the pleural space, which is not relevant to the current situation.

D. Chest tube insertion is typically performed for pneumothorax or other issues involving the pleural space, not for asthma exacerbation. The described symptoms do not suggest the need for a chest tube.