Which of the following is a characteristic of urine that indicates adequate hydration?
Dark color
Strong smelling
Oliguria
Pale color
The Correct Answer is D
A. Dark-colored urine is typically a sign of dehydration, as the kidneys concentrate the urine when the body is low on water. Adequate hydration usually results in lighter-colored urine.
B. Strong-smelling urine can indicate dehydration, certain foods, or medications, but it is not an indicator of adequate hydration. Properly hydrated urine typically has a mild odor.
C. Oliguria, or low urine output, can be a sign of dehydration, kidney dysfunction, or other underlying issues. It is not a sign of adequate hydration.
D. Pale-colored urine is a characteristic of adequate hydration. When the body is well-hydrated, the kidneys excrete a greater volume of diluted urine, which tends to be light in color.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Insulin is secreted by beta cells of the pancreas, not alpha cells. Therefore, a lack of alpha cells would not affect insulin secretion.
B. Alpha cells of the pancreas are responsible for secreting glucagon, which helps raise blood glucose levels by promoting the release of glucose from the liver. Without alpha cells, glucagon secretion would be impaired.
C. Somatostatin and gastrin are secreted by delta cells and G cells, respectively, not alpha cells. Therefore, a lack of alpha cells would not prevent the secretion of these hormones.
D. Pancreatic polypeptides are secreted by F cells in the pancreas, not alpha cells. Therefore, a lack of alpha cells would not affect the secretion of pancreatic polypeptides.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Pain at the site of injury, such as a paper cut, is often due to the release of chemical mediators like prostaglandins, bradykinin, and histamines, which are part of the inflammatory response. These mediators increase blood flow and sensitivity in the affected area, contributing to pain. Exudate (fluid containing white blood cells and proteins) also forms at the site to aid in healing, and this can increase sensitivity.
B. Increased perfusion (blood flow) is part of the inflammatory response, but it is not the direct cause of pain. While increased blood flow helps deliver nutrients and immune cells to the site, it is the chemical mediators that cause pain.
C. Bacteria entering the wound could cause infection, but pain from a paper cut is typically related to the inflammatory response rather than infection. If infection were present, pain would usually be accompanied by other signs like redness, heat, and pus.
D. Vasoconstriction is the opposite of what happens at the site of an injury. Inflammation causes vasodilation, not vasoconstriction, to increase blood flow to the area.
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