Which of the following is a characteristic of urine that indicates adequate hydration?
Dark color
Strong smelling
Oliguria
Pale color
The Correct Answer is D
A. Dark-colored urine is typically a sign of dehydration, as the kidneys concentrate the urine when the body is low on water. Adequate hydration usually results in lighter-colored urine.
B. Strong-smelling urine can indicate dehydration, certain foods, or medications, but it is not an indicator of adequate hydration. Properly hydrated urine typically has a mild odor.
C. Oliguria, or low urine output, can be a sign of dehydration, kidney dysfunction, or other underlying issues. It is not a sign of adequate hydration.
D. Pale-colored urine is a characteristic of adequate hydration. When the body is well-hydrated, the kidneys excrete a greater volume of diluted urine, which tends to be light in color.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Intention tremors are typically associated with neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, rather than Addison's disease.
B. Hirsutism, or excessive hair growth, is often seen in conditions involving excess androgen production, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but not typically in Addison's disease.
C. Purple striations, or stretch marks, are commonly seen in Cushing's syndrome due to excess cortisol production, not Addison's disease.
D. Hyperpigmentation is a hallmark symptom of Addison's disease. It occurs due to increased production of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which is a byproduct of the overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in response to adrenal insufficiency.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), serum bicarbonate is typically decreased, not increased. The decrease is due to metabolic acidosis resulting from the accumulation of ketones.
B. Serum potassium is often elevated in DKA initially due to the shift of potassium from inside the cells to the bloodstream as a result of acidosis. However, potassium levels may drop with treatment, especially with insulin administration, which drives potassium back into cells.
C. Urine pH in DKA is often acidic due to the presence of ketones, which are acidic byproducts of fat metabolism. A urine pH of 4.0 indicates aciduria, which is consistent with ketoacidosis.
D. Serum pH in DKA is typically low (below 7.35), indicating acidosis. A serum pH of 7.5 would suggest alkalosis, which is not typical of DKA.
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