Which of the following is a characteristic of Koplik spots in children with measles?
They present as fluid-filled vesicles on the child's chest.
They appear as small, red spots with white centers on the buccal mucosa.
They are enlarged parotid glands.
They are a gray pseudomembrane covering the pharynx.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Fluid-filled vesicles on the chest are not characteristic of Koplik spots. Vesicular rashes are more commonly associated with conditions like varicella (chickenpox) or herpes zoster, where the viral replication leads to the formation of small, elevated, fluid-filled lesions on the skin surface.
Choice B rationale
Koplik spots are pathognomonic for measles, appearing as small, irregular, bright red spots with bluish-white centers on the buccal mucosa, typically opposite the molars. They represent necrotic epithelial cells in the buccal mucosa and are an early diagnostic sign, often appearing 2-3 days before the generalized rash.
Choice C rationale
Enlarged parotid glands are characteristic of mumps, a viral infection affecting the salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands. This condition leads to swelling and tenderness in the areas anterior to the ears and below the jawline, distinct from the oral lesions seen in measles.
Choice D rationale
A gray pseudomembrane covering the pharynx is a hallmark sign of diphtheria, a bacterial infection caused by *Corynebacterium diphtheriae*. This pseudomembrane is a tough, adherent lesion composed of fibrin, bacteria, and necrotic cells that can obstruct the airway, unrelated to measles.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Administrative law judges typically preside over hearings and issue decisions in cases involving administrative agencies, but they are not the primary entities responsible for enforcing the Nurse Practice Act itself. Their role is more adjudicatory within specific administrative disputes, not the initial enforcement body for professional licensure laws.
Choice B rationale
Government agencies for health, such as departments of health, may oversee various aspects of public health and healthcare facilities. However, the specific legal enforcement of nursing practice acts and professional licensure falls under the purview of a specialized regulatory body dedicated to nursing.
Choice C rationale
The State Board of Nursing is the governmental agency legally mandated to regulate the practice of nursing within its jurisdiction. This includes establishing educational requirements, issuing licenses, setting standards of practice, and enforcing the Nurse Practice Act through disciplinary actions.
Choice D rationale
The local judicial system, including courts, primarily interprets laws and resolves legal disputes. While they may be involved in appeals of Board of Nursing decisions or criminal cases related to nursing misconduct, they are not the direct enforcement body for the Nurse Practice Act.
Correct Answer is ["112"]
Explanation
Step 1: Calculate the minimum daily dose based on the safe dose range. Minimum safe dose per kg = 8 mg/kg/day. Child's weight = 14 kg. Minimum daily dose = 8 mg/kg/day × 14 kg = 112 mg/day. The minimum dose the child should receive per day is 112 mg.
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