Which of the following is a common risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer?
Viral hepatitis
High fiber diet
Chronic pancreatitis
Regular exercise
The Correct Answer is C
A. Viral hepatitis: Hepatitis B and C are risk factors for liver cancer, not pancreatic cancer. There is no strong link between hepatitis and pancreatic cancer.
B. High-fiber diet: A high-fiber diet is protective against colorectal cancer, not a risk factor for pancreatic cancer.
C. Chronic pancreatitis: Chronic inflammation of the pancreas increases the risk of pancreatic cancer by causing long-term cellular damage and mutations.
D. Regular exercise: Exercise reduces the risk of many cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Sedentary lifestyles and obesity increase the risk.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Dysphagia: Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) is unrelated to diverticulitis; it is more common in esophageal disorders.
B. Crohn’s disease: Crohn’s disease is a separate chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), not a complication of diverticulitis.
C. Peritonitis: Peritonitis is a life-threatening complication of diverticulitis. If an inflamed diverticulum perforates, stool and bacteria spill into the peritoneal cavity, causing severe abdominal pain, rigidity, fever, and tachycardia.
D. Ulcerative colitis: Ulcerative colitis is another form of IBD, unrelated to diverticulitis.
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"C","dropdown-group-2":"B"}
Explanation
The client's ammonia level is critically elevated (250 mcg/dL), which can lead to altered mental status, confusion, and lethargy, consistent with hepatic encephalopathy. In cirrhosis, the liver loses its ability to detoxify ammonia, leading to its accumulation in the bloodstream. This excess ammonia crosses the blood-brain barrier, impairing neuronal function and causing hepatic encephalopathy.
Incorrect answers:
DKA is characterized by high blood glucose (>250 mg/dL), metabolic acidosis, and ketonemia. This client has a moderate glucose elevation (148 mg/dL) but no signs of acidosis, Kussmaul respirations, or ketonuria.
Dehydration: While dehydration can contribute to mental status changes, severe hyperammonemia is a direct cause of hepatic encephalopathy. The client's crackles in the lungs and peripheral edema suggest fluid retention, not dehydration.
Acute kidney disease presents with rising creatinine levels, oliguria, and electrolyte imbalances. This client’s creatinine level is normal, ruling out acute kidney disease.
Malnutrition is characterized by low albumin, muscle wasting, and weight loss, but this client's elevated glucose is more likely due to diabetes mellitus rather than malnutrition.
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