Which of the following is a modification of the simple columnar epithelium that allows for efficient absorption along portions of the digestive tract by increasing the surface area?
fibroblasts
thin and permeable
dense microvilli
cilia
The Correct Answer is C
A. fibroblasts: Fibroblasts are connective tissue cells responsible for producing extracellular matrix and collagen. They are not part of the epithelium and do not enhance absorptive surface area.
B. thin and permeable: While simple columnar epithelium is relatively thin to allow some absorption, this characteristic alone does not significantly increase surface area for efficient nutrient uptake.
C. dense microvilli: Microvilli are finger-like projections on the apical surface of simple columnar epithelial cells. Their dense arrangement forms the brush border, greatly increasing surface area and enhancing absorption in the small intestine.
D. cilia: Cilia are hair-like structures that move substances across the epithelial surface, such as mucus in the respiratory tract. They do not increase surface area for absorption and are not a feature of absorptive digestive epithelium.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. axillary and pubic areas:Apocrine glands are concentrated in the axillae, areolae, and pubic regions. They become active during puberty and release a thicker secretion that can produce body odor when decomposed by bacteria.
B. soles of the feet:The soles contain numerous eccrine sweat glands, which function in thermoregulation, but apocrine glands are not typically found here.
C. palms of the hands:Like the soles, the palms are rich in eccrine sweat glands for cooling, but they lack apocrine glands.
D. both A and B:Apocrine glands are not present in the soles of the feet, only in axillary and pubic regions.
E. both B and C:Neither the soles nor the palms contain apocrine glands; they only have eccrine sweat glands.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. it is located just below the epidermis and protects the dermis from shock:The hypodermis is located beneath the dermis, not just the epidermis, and its role is more about cushioning and insulation rather than directly shielding the dermis from shock.
B. the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber:The hypodermis contains a large amount of adipose tissue that cushions underlying structures, distributes pressure, and absorbs mechanical shock.
C. the cells that make up the hypodermis secrete a protective mucus that absorbs shock:The hypodermis does not secrete mucus; this function is unrelated to connective tissue structure and physiology.
D. it has no delicate nerve endings and can therefore absorb more shock:The absence of many nerve endings does not make the hypodermis a shock absorber. Its cushioning effect is due to adipose tissue composition, not nerve distribution.
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