Which of the following is a risk factor for urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Choice a reason: Taking the patient's blood pressure is not the first action to take in this situation. While monitoring vital signs is important, the immediate priority is to stop the bleeding. Addressing the bleeding at the access site takes precedence to prevent excessive blood loss and potential complications.
Choice b reason: Calling the physician is not the first action to take when the nurse notes bleeding from the vascular access site. While notifying the physician is important, the initial step must be to control the bleeding to ensure the patient's safety and stability.
Choice c reason: Applying pressure to the access site is the appropriate first action. This step is crucial to stop the bleeding and prevent further blood loss. Applying direct pressure helps to control the bleeding immediately, which is the primary concern in this situation. Once the bleeding is controlled, further actions such as notifying the physician and documenting the incident can be taken.
Choice d reason: Notifying the dialysis nurse is also not the first action to take. While it is important to inform the dialysis nurse and other members of the healthcare team, the priority is to control the bleeding by applying pressure to the access site. Once the bleeding is under control, the dialysis nurse can be notified to ensure proper follow-up and care.

Choice A reason: Bed rest is not recommended for clients with urolithiasis because movement can help the passage of stones. Encouraging ambulation can aid in moving the stone and may help it pass more quickly.
Choice B reason: A high protein diet is not typically recommended for clients with urolithiasis. Excessive protein intake can increase the risk of kidney stone formation, particularly in those susceptible to uric acid stones.
Choice C reason: Encouraging the client to drink 3 liters of fluids per day is essential for clients with urolithiasis. Increased fluid intake helps dilute the urine and promotes the passage of the stone. It also helps in preventing the formation of new stones.
Choice D reason: A decrease in urine output is not expected and can indicate a complication such as obstruction. The goal is to maintain or increase urine output to help flush out the stone and prevent complications.