The nurse is collecting data on a patient admitted for symptoms of renal insufficiency. Which factor will cause the nurse to suspect prerenal injury?

Laboratory results indicating a high level of an aminoglycoside

A tumor obstruction diagnosed as being present in the right ureter

A family history of polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

Impaired blood flow to the kidneys

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice a reason: Laboratory results indicating a high level of an aminoglycoside can point to nephrotoxicity, which is a type of intrinsic renal injury. Aminoglycosides are antibiotics that can be toxic to the kidneys, causing damage to renal tissues. This condition is different from prerenal injury, which is related to reduced blood flow to the kidneys, not direct damage from toxins.
Choice b reason: A tumor obstruction in the right ureter is indicative of postrenal injury, which occurs due to obstruction of urine flow anywhere along the urinary tract. This kind of injury does not fall under the category of prerenal injury, which is due to factors causing reduced perfusion to the kidneys.
Choice c reason: A family history of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) suggests a genetic predisposition to intrinsic renal disease. PKD is a hereditary condition that leads to the formation of cysts in the kidneys, eventually impairing their function. This type of injury is not prerenal, as it results from structural abnormalities within the kidney itself.
Choice d reason: Impaired blood flow to the kidneys is the hallmark of prerenal injury. Prerenal injuries are caused by conditions that reduce renal perfusion, such as dehydration, heart failure, or shock. When the kidneys receive insufficient blood flow, they cannot function properly, leading to symptoms of renal insufficiency. Addressing the underlying cause to restore adequate blood flow is crucial in managing prerenal injury.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice a reason: Regular exercise is not a risk factor for urinary tract infections (UTIs). In fact, regular physical activity can contribute to overall health and well-being, including supporting a healthy immune system. There is no direct connection between exercise and an increased risk of UTIs.
Choice b reason: Drinking plenty of water is a preventive measure rather than a risk factor for UTIs. Adequate hydration helps to flush out bacteria from the urinary tract through frequent urination, reducing the likelihood of infection. Encouraging good hydration is an important strategy to prevent UTIs.
Choice c reason: Eating a balanced diet is beneficial for overall health and does not increase the risk of UTIs. A well-balanced diet supports the immune system and overall bodily functions, which can help in preventing infections, including UTIs. Proper nutrition is not associated with an increased risk of urinary tract infections.
Choice d reason: Poor personal hygiene is a significant risk factor for urinary tract infections. Inadequate hygiene practices, such as not cleaning the genital area properly or wiping from back to front after using the toilet, can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract, leading to infection. Ensuring good personal hygiene is crucial in preventing UTIs.

Correct Answer is ["5"]

Explanation

Step 1 is to calculate the number of hours it will take to infuse 1000 mL at a rate of 200 mL per hour.

Step 2 is to divide the total volume by the rate of infusion:

1000 mL ÷ 200 mL/hr

Step 3 is to perform the division:

1000 ÷ 200 = 5

Result: 5 hours

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The nurse is collecting data on a patient admitted for symptoms of renal insufficiency. Which factor will cause the nurse to suspect prerenal injury?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following is a risk factor for urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to administer 0.9% sodium chloride IV infusion 1000 mL bag at a rate of 200 mL/hr for a client who has renal calculi. The nurse should expect the IV pump to infuse over how many hours?

Correct Answer is ["5"]

Explanation

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