Which of the following is not a direct cause of ARDS?

Near-drowning

Aspiration

Pancreatitis

Toxic inhalation

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Near-drowning: This is a direct cause of ARDS. Inhalation of water can lead to pulmonary edema, which triggers ARDS.

B. Aspiration: Aspiration of gastric contents can directly injure the lungs and is a well-known cause of ARDS.

C. Pancreatitis: Pancreatitis is associated with ARDS, but it is an indirect cause, not a direct one. The inflammatory response from pancreatitis can lead to ARDS, but it is not due to direct lung injury.

D. Toxic inhalation: Inhaling toxic substances can cause direct damage to the alveoli and lead to ARDS.

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Correct Answer is ["A","D"]

Explanation

A. HAV: Hepatitis A is spread via the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated food or water.

B. HCV: Hepatitis C is primarily spread through blood-to-blood contact, not the fecal-oral route.

C. HDV: Hepatitis D is spread through blood contact and requires Hepatitis B for replication.

D. HEV: Hepatitis E is spread through the fecal-oral route, similar to Hepatitis A.

E. HBV: Hepatitis B is spread through blood, sexual contact, and perinatal transmission, not the fecal-oral route.

A. Avoid positioning the client supine. B. Limit the client's activity level. C. Administer supplemental oxygen at all times. D. Teach the client deep breathing and coughing exercises.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Avoid positioning the client supine: Orthopnea is the inability to breathe comfortably while lying flat, so the nurse should avoid placing the client in a supine position and instead elevate the head of the bed.

B. Limit the client's activity level: While activity may need to be adjusted, this is not the primary concern for orthopnea.

C. Administer supplemental oxygen at all times: Oxygen may be necessary, but the key issue with orthopnea is the need to avoid lying flat, not necessarily the need for constant supplemental oxygen.

D. Teach the client deep breathing and coughing exercises: While beneficial for other conditions, this does not directly address orthopnea, which is primarily positional.

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Which of the following is not a direct cause of ARDS?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following types of hepatitis are spread by the fecal-oral route? (select all that apply) a. HAV

Correct Answer is ["A","D"]

Explanation

The nurse is reviewing a newly admitted client's electronic health record, which notes a history of orthopnea. What nursing action is most clearly indicated?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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