Which of the following is not a direct cause of ARDS?
Near-drowning
Aspiration
Pancreatitis
Toxic inhalation
The Correct Answer is C
A. Near-drowning: This is a direct cause of ARDS. Inhalation of water can lead to pulmonary edema, which triggers ARDS.
B. Aspiration: Aspiration of gastric contents can directly injure the lungs and is a well-known cause of ARDS.
C. Pancreatitis: Pancreatitis is associated with ARDS, but it is an indirect cause, not a direct one. The inflammatory response from pancreatitis can lead to ARDS, but it is not due to direct lung injury.
D. Toxic inhalation: Inhaling toxic substances can cause direct damage to the alveoli and lead to ARDS.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Partially compensated Metabolic Alkalosis: This is incorrect because the pH is within normal limits (7.35-7.45), and the elevated PaCO2 and bicarbonate suggest a respiratory issue rather than a metabolic one.
B. Fully compensated Metabolic Acidosis: This is incorrect because the primary disturbance is respiratory, not metabolic. A compensated metabolic acidosis would typically show a low PaCO2 as compensation.
C. Fully compensated Respiratory Acidosis: Correct. The pH is within the normal range, indicating full compensation. The elevated PaCO2 and bicarbonate reflect a chronic respiratory acidosis that has been compensated by the kidneys.
D. Partially compensated Respiratory Alkalosis: This is incorrect because in respiratory alkalosis, the PaCO2 would be low, not high.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Patient stopped smoking five years prior to hospitalization: Smoking cessation materials are typically targeted to current smokers or those who have quit very recently (usually within the last year). This patient may not need smoking cessation materials as they have been smoke-free for a significant period.
B. Patient smokes five cigars a week: Smoking cigars still carries health risks similar to cigarettes and indicates the need for smoking cessation materials.
C. Patient uses chewing tobacco: Chewing tobacco is a form of smokeless tobacco, and while harmful, it would require different educational materials focused on smokeless tobacco cessation rather than smoking cessation.
D. Patient smoked cigarettes any time during the last year prior to hospitalization: This indicates current or recent smoking behavior which is a significant risk factor that needs to be addressed.
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