Which of the following types of hepatitis are spread by the fecal-oral route? (select all that apply) a. HAV
HCV
HDV
HEV
HBV
Correct Answer : A,D
A. HAV: Hepatitis A is spread via the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated food or water.
B. HCV: Hepatitis C is primarily spread through blood-to-blood contact, not the fecal-oral route.
C. HDV: Hepatitis D is spread through blood contact and requires Hepatitis B for replication.
D. HEV: Hepatitis E is spread through the fecal-oral route, similar to Hepatitis A.
E. HBV: Hepatitis B is spread through blood, sexual contact, and perinatal transmission, not the fecal-oral route.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Assess the cause of the agitation: This is the most appropriate action. Agitation in a mechanically ventilated patient can be due to multiple causes, such as pain, hypoxia, or discomfort. It is crucial to assess and identify the underlying cause to address it appropriately.
B. Reassure the client that he or she is safe: While reassurance is important, it may not address the root cause of the agitation, especially if it is related to a physical issue such as hypoxia or tube displacement.
C. Restrain the client's hands: Restraining should be a last resort after other interventions have failed. Restraints can cause further agitation and distress.
D. Sedate the client immediately: Sedating the client without assessing the cause of the agitation could mask serious issues and lead to inappropriate treatment.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Near-drowning: This is a direct cause of ARDS. Inhalation of water can lead to pulmonary edema, which triggers ARDS.
B. Aspiration: Aspiration of gastric contents can directly injure the lungs and is a well-known cause of ARDS.
C. Pancreatitis: Pancreatitis is associated with ARDS, but it is an indirect cause, not a direct one. The inflammatory response from pancreatitis can lead to ARDS, but it is not due to direct lung injury.
D. Toxic inhalation: Inhaling toxic substances can cause direct damage to the alveoli and lead to ARDS.
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