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Which of the following types of hepatitis are spread by the fecal-oral route? (select all that apply) a. HAV

HCV

HDV

HEV

HBV

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D

A. HAV: Hepatitis A is spread via the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated food or water.

B. HCV: Hepatitis C is primarily spread through blood-to-blood contact, not the fecal-oral route.

C. HDV: Hepatitis D is spread through blood contact and requires Hepatitis B for replication.

D. HEV: Hepatitis E is spread through the fecal-oral route, similar to Hepatitis A.

E. HBV: Hepatitis B is spread through blood, sexual contact, and perinatal transmission, not the fecal-oral route.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Partially compensated Metabolic Alkalosis: This is incorrect because the pH is within normal limits (7.35-7.45), and the elevated PaCO2 and bicarbonate suggest a respiratory issue rather than a metabolic one.

B. Fully compensated Metabolic Acidosis: This is incorrect because the primary disturbance is respiratory, not metabolic. A compensated metabolic acidosis would typically show a low PaCO2 as compensation.

C. Fully compensated Respiratory Acidosis: Correct. The pH is within the normal range, indicating full compensation. The elevated PaCO2 and bicarbonate reflect a chronic respiratory acidosis that has been compensated by the kidneys.

D. Partially compensated Respiratory Alkalosis: This is incorrect because in respiratory alkalosis, the PaCO2 would be low, not high.

A. An echocardiogram that reflected increased right ventricular wall thickening B. A left ventricular ejection fraction (VEF) of 50% C. A B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) of 300 pg/mL D. A serum sodium of 135

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. An increase in O2 saturation to greater than 90%: An increase in oxygen saturation is typically a positive sign and does not indicate worsening heart failure.

B. The onset of atrial fibrillation: The development of atrial fibrillation in a patient with heart failure is a sign of worsening heart failure, as it indicates increased atrial pressure and the potential for further hemodynamic compromise.

C. Louder S1 and S2 heart sounds: Louder heart sounds do not specifically indicate worsening heart failure. They may vary based on other factors such as body habitus or the position of the patient.

D. A decrease in heart rate to 66 bpm: A heart rate of 66 bpm is within the normal range and does not suggest worsening heart failure.

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Which of the following types of hepatitis are spread by the fecal-oral route? (select all that apply) a. HAV

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse reviews the following ABG result: pH 7.37 PaO2 84 PaCO2 54 Bicarbonate: 31 Saturation: 95% What is the interpretation of this ABG?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A patient is very short of breath. Which finding should cause the nurse to be concerned that the shortness of breath might be due to heart failure?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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