How is injury manifested on the EKG in a patient experiencing a myocardial infarction?
ST segment elevation
Q wave
inverted T wave
ST segment depression
The Correct Answer is A
A. ST segment elevation: ST segment elevation is a classic sign of myocardial injury, indicating that a portion of the heart muscle is not receiving enough oxygen and is actively injured.
B. Q wave: A Q wave typically appears later, representing a previous myocardial infarction (necrosis), not acute injury.
C. Inverted T wave: This indicates myocardial ischemia, which is a precursor to injury but not indicative of injury itself.
D. ST segment depression: This is typically associated with ischemia or subendocardial infarction, not full-thickness myocardial injury.
Nursing Test Bank
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. PT/INR: PT/INR is used to assess clotting function and liver synthetic function but does not directly relate to the symptoms of lethargy and confusion.
B. Urea: Urea levels are related to kidney function and protein metabolism but do not directly explain the symptoms of encephalopathy.
C. Ammonia: Elevated ammonia levels in cirrhosis can lead to hepatic encephalopathy, which presents as lethargy and confusion. The liver is unable to convert ammonia to urea, leading to its accumulation in the blood.
D. Albumin: Albumin levels are important in assessing nutritional status and fluid balance in cirrhosis but do not directly cause lethargy and confusion.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Pulmonary crackles/rales: Left-sided heart failure leads to a buildup of fluid in the lungs, causing pulmonary congestion and crackles/rales on auscultation.
B. Weight gain: This is more commonly associated with right-sided heart failure due to fluid retention, though it can be seen in both types of heart failure.
C. Hepatomegaly: Hepatomegaly is typically associated with right-sided heart failure due to congestion in the systemic circulation.
D. Jugular vein distention: JVD is a sign of right-sided heart failure, as it indicates increased central venous pressure.
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