Which of the following is not true of type 1 diabetes?
Can be treated with oral glycemic agents.
Definite genetic link.
Pancreas is completely unable to produce insulin.
Acute onset.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Type 1 diabetes cannot be treated with oral glycemic agents. These medications are typically used to manage type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by insulin resistance rather than a lack of insulin production. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas is unable to produce insulin due to an autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. Therefore, individuals with type 1 diabetes require insulin therapy to manage their blood glucose levels effectively.
Choice B reason: Type 1 diabetes has a definite genetic component, though it is not solely determined by genetics. A combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, such as viral infections or other autoimmune triggers, can lead to the development of type 1 diabetes. Certain genes, including those in the HLA region, are known to increase susceptibility to the disease.
Choice C reason: In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas is indeed completely unable to produce insulin. This is due to an autoimmune attack on the beta cells of the pancreas, which are responsible for insulin production. Without insulin, the body cannot regulate blood glucose levels, leading to hyperglycemia and the need for exogenous insulin administration.
Choice D reason: Type 1 diabetes often has an acute onset, particularly in children and young adults. Symptoms can develop rapidly over a few days to weeks, including increased thirst, frequent urination, unintended weight loss, and severe fatigue. This acute presentation is a hallmark of the disease and contrasts with the more gradual onset seen in type 2 diabetes.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: The overall goal of treatment for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is to maintain blood glucose levels within a normal range and prevent complications. While the strategies to achieve these goals may differ, the ultimate objectives are similar for both types of diabetes.
Choice B reason: The treatment for type 1 diabetes primarily involves insulin therapy, as the body cannot produce insulin. In contrast, type 2 diabetes treatment often starts with lifestyle changes and oral medications to improve insulin sensitivity and control blood glucose levels. Insulin therapy may be required later in the course of type 2 diabetes if other treatments are insufficient.
Choice C reason: Both types of diabetes are diagnosed using similar criteria, including measuring blood glucose levels through fasting blood glucose tests, oral glucose tolerance tests, and HbA1c levels. The diagnosis process itself is not a major differentiating factor between the two types.
Choice D reason: The potential long-term complications of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are similar and include cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and other complications related to prolonged high blood glucose levels. While the risk factors and progression may vary, the types of complications are not significantly different between the two conditions.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Positive feedback mechanisms amplify changes or deviations in the body. They are less common in physiological processes and typically drive processes to completion, such as childbirth and blood clotting. The regulation of blood glucose levels does not operate on a positive feedback mechanism.
Choice B reason: Releasing hormones are typically involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and the regulation of hormone secretion from other endocrine glands. Examples include thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Insulin secretion in response to blood glucose levels is not directly controlled by releasing hormones.
Choice C reason: Negative feedback is the primary mechanism by which homeostasis is maintained in the body. When blood glucose levels rise, the pancreas secretes insulin to lower blood glucose levels, restoring them to normal. This is an example of negative feedback, as the increase in glucose levels triggers a response (insulin secretion) that counteracts the initial change, bringing blood glucose back to its set point.
Choice D reason: Ectopic hormones are hormones produced by tissues that normally do not produce hormones, often in cases of tumors or certain disease conditions. The regulation of insulin in response to blood glucose levels does not involve ectopic hormone production.
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