Which of the following is not true of type 1 diabetes?
Can be treated with oral glycemic agents.
Definite genetic link.
Pancreas is completely unable to produce insulin.
Acute onset.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Type 1 diabetes cannot be treated with oral glycemic agents. These medications are typically used to manage type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by insulin resistance rather than a lack of insulin production. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas is unable to produce insulin due to an autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. Therefore, individuals with type 1 diabetes require insulin therapy to manage their blood glucose levels effectively.
Choice B reason: Type 1 diabetes has a definite genetic component, though it is not solely determined by genetics. A combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, such as viral infections or other autoimmune triggers, can lead to the development of type 1 diabetes. Certain genes, including those in the HLA region, are known to increase susceptibility to the disease.
Choice C reason: In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas is indeed completely unable to produce insulin. This is due to an autoimmune attack on the beta cells of the pancreas, which are responsible for insulin production. Without insulin, the body cannot regulate blood glucose levels, leading to hyperglycemia and the need for exogenous insulin administration.
Choice D reason: Type 1 diabetes often has an acute onset, particularly in children and young adults. Symptoms can develop rapidly over a few days to weeks, including increased thirst, frequent urination, unintended weight loss, and severe fatigue. This acute presentation is a hallmark of the disease and contrasts with the more gradual onset seen in type 2 diabetes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Type 2 diabetes is primarily characterized by insulin resistance, where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin. This means that glucose cannot enter the cells efficiently, leading to high blood sugar levels. Additionally, there may be a suboptimal amount of insulin produced by the pancreas. Together, these factors contribute to the development and progression of type 2 diabetes.
Choice B reason: While individuals with type 2 diabetes are at a higher risk for infections due to high blood sugar levels affecting immune function, infection itself is not the root cause of type 2 diabetes. The primary issue in type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production.
Choice C reason: White blood cells (WBC) play a key role in the immune system. Type 2 diabetes does not primarily arise from issues with WBCs. However, high blood sugar levels can impair the function of WBCs, increasing the risk of infections in diabetic individuals.
Choice D reason: Red blood cells (RBC) are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. Type 2 diabetes is not directly related to problems with RBCs. Instead, it is an issue with insulin and blood sugar regulation. While high blood sugar can affect various body functions, the primary problem lies in insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Cirrhosis is a condition that affects the liver, not the kidneys. It is not related to nephropathy, which is kidney disease.
Choice B reason: Cardiac disease, while a common complication of diabetes, is not directly caused by nephropathy. Nephropathy primarily affects the kidneys and can lead to kidney failure, but it is not the leading cause of cardiac disease.
Choice C reason: Nephropathy in individuals with diabetes can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESRD), also known as end-stage renal disease. This is a serious condition where the kidneys are no longer able to function adequately to maintain life, often requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant.
Choice D reason: Pulmonary disease affects the lungs and is not directly related to nephropathy. While diabetes can have complications that affect the lungs, nephropathy specifically targets the kidneys.
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