Which of the following is not true of type 1 diabetes?
Can be treated with oral glycemic agents.
Definite genetic link.
Pancreas is completely unable to produce insulin.
Acute onset.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Type 1 diabetes cannot be treated with oral glycemic agents. These medications are typically used to manage type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by insulin resistance rather than a lack of insulin production. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas is unable to produce insulin due to an autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. Therefore, individuals with type 1 diabetes require insulin therapy to manage their blood glucose levels effectively.
Choice B reason: Type 1 diabetes has a definite genetic component, though it is not solely determined by genetics. A combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, such as viral infections or other autoimmune triggers, can lead to the development of type 1 diabetes. Certain genes, including those in the HLA region, are known to increase susceptibility to the disease.
Choice C reason: In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas is indeed completely unable to produce insulin. This is due to an autoimmune attack on the beta cells of the pancreas, which are responsible for insulin production. Without insulin, the body cannot regulate blood glucose levels, leading to hyperglycemia and the need for exogenous insulin administration.
Choice D reason: Type 1 diabetes often has an acute onset, particularly in children and young adults. Symptoms can develop rapidly over a few days to weeks, including increased thirst, frequent urination, unintended weight loss, and severe fatigue. This acute presentation is a hallmark of the disease and contrasts with the more gradual onset seen in type 2 diabetes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: A catheter is a flexible tube inserted into the body to allow the passage of fluids or other substances. While catheters can be used for hemodialysis, they are typically considered temporary access points and are not created by surgically attaching an artery to a vein.
Choice B reason: A peripheral intravenous line (PIV) is a catheter placed into a small peripheral vein. PIVs are commonly used for short-term access to administer medications or fluids but are not suitable for the high flow rates needed for hemodialysis and are not surgically created by joining an artery and a vein.
Choice C reason: An arteriovenous graft (AVG) involves using a synthetic tube to connect an artery and a vein. AVGs are used for patients who cannot have an AVF due to small or weak veins. While AVGs are a viable option for hemodialysis, they are not the preferred method due to higher rates of complications like infections and clotting compared to AVFs.
Choice D reason: An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred method of vascular access for long-term hemodialysis. It is created by surgically connecting an artery to a vein, usually in the arm. This connection allows for increased blood flow through the vein, which enlarges and strengthens it, making it suitable for repeated needle insertions during dialysis sessions. AVFs are preferred because they have lower rates of complications and provide better long-term access compared to other methods.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Peristalsis is the process by which smooth muscle fibers in the walls of the ureters contract rhythmically to propel urine from the kidneys to the bladder. This coordinated movement involves a wave-like series of contractions and relaxations, ensuring that urine is efficiently transported along the ureters, even against gravity. Peristalsis is a crucial mechanism for maintaining the flow of urine and preventing backflow into the kidneys.
Choice B reason: Mass movement refers to strong, coordinated contractions in the colon that move fecal matter toward the rectum. This process is associated with the large intestine and is not involved in the movement of urine through the ureters.
Choice C reason: Segmental contractions are localized contractions in the intestines that help mix and propel intestinal contents. They are not the primary mechanism for moving urine through the ureters.
Choice D reason: Tetany refers to involuntary muscle spasms or contractions, usually caused by low calcium levels or other electrolyte imbalances. It is not a normal physiological process for propelling urine through the ureters.
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