Physical examination and change in body weight are used to diagnose ascites, what other measurement is used?

Choice A reason: A low blood glucose level is not a sign of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). In fact, DKA is characterized by high blood glucose levels due to a lack of insulin, which leads to the breakdown of fats for energy and the production of ketones.

Choice B reason: Ketonuria, or the presence of ketones in the urine, is a sign of DKA. It occurs when the body breaks down fats for energy instead of using glucose, leading to the production of ketones, which are then excreted in the urine.

Choice C reason: Dehydration is a common sign of DKA. High blood glucose levels lead to increased urination, which causes the body to lose fluids and electrolytes, resulting in dehydration.

Choice D reason: Kussmaul respirations are a sign of DKA. These are deep, labored breathing patterns that occur as the body attempts to compensate for the metabolic acidosis caused by high levels of ketones in the blood.

Choice A reason: The heart is not directly affected by urinary stasis and subsequent bacterial growth. While severe infections can potentially lead to systemic issues, the primary concern with urinary stasis is the local and ascending infection within the urinary tract.

Choice B reason: The ears are not involved in the urinary system, and stasis of urine does not lead to infections in the ears. Ear infections are typically caused by different pathogens and mechanisms unrelated to urinary stasis.

Choice C reason: The lungs are also not affected by urinary stasis. Lung infections, such as pneumonia, are usually caused by respiratory pathogens and not by bacteria originating from the urinary tract.

Choice D reason: The kidneys are the correct answer because stasis of urine in the bladder can lead to bacterial growth and infection. When urine remains in the bladder for an extended period, it creates an environment conducive to bacterial proliferation. These bacteria can ascend the urinary tract, reaching the ureters and kidneys, causing infections such as pyelonephritis. Kidney infections are serious and can lead to complications if not treated promptly.