Chronic complications of diabetes include: (Select All that Apply.)

Choice A reason: Most patients with CNS tumors do not develop metastatic disease. Central nervous system (CNS) tumors, including brain tumors, typically do not metastasize outside the CNS. Instead, they grow and exert pressure on adjacent brain structures, leading to neurological symptoms.

Choice B reason: While brain tumors can be very deadly, the TNM classification system is not avoided due to the lethality of the tumors. The main reason for not using the TNM system is because the classification criteria do not align well with the unique aspects of brain tumors.

Choice C reason: Tumor size is less relevant than the location and histology for brain tumors. The location of the tumor within the brain and its histological characteristics (e.g., type, grade, and molecular features) are more critical for prognosis and treatment planning. Brain tumors can cause significant clinical issues even when small, depending on their location.

Choice D reason: Brain tumors can have a poor prognosis, but this is not the reason the TNM classification is not used. The classification system's limitation is primarily due to the fact that brain tumors' behavior and treatment considerations depend more on their location and histological features than on tumor size, nodal involvement, and metastasis, which are the focus of the TNM system.

Choice A reason: Oliguria refers to the production of abnormally small amounts of urine. While it can occur in dehydration, it does not specifically indicate concentrated, dark, strong-smelling urine.

Choice B reason: Dehydration often leads to concentrated, dark, strong-smelling urine. When the body is dehydrated, the kidneys conserve water, resulting in less urine that is more concentrated with waste products, giving it a darker color and stronger smell.

Choice C reason: Increased fluid volume would typically result in dilute urine, which is pale and has a less strong odor. Therefore, it is not associated with concentrated, dark, strong-smelling urine.

Choice D reason: Urinary retention is the inability to empty the bladder completely. While it can lead to various symptoms, it is not specifically associated with concentrated, dark, strong-smelling urine.