Which of the following is the most common cause of acute gastritis?

A. While E. coli is a common cause of urinary tract infections, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is typically associated with sexually transmitted infections, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea.

B. Pyuria, or the presence of pus in urine, is common in both urinary tract infections and PID due to the inflammatory response.

C. Although these conditions are more prevalent in females, urinary tract infections can also occur in males, so they are not exclusive to females.

D. While urinary tract infections can result from ascending infections, PID is often a result of infections spreading upward from the cervix into the reproductive organs.

A. Apoptosis refers to programmed cell death, which is a controlled process rather than a direct consequence of infection and blood flow issues.

B. Necrosis occurs when there is unregulated cell death due to injury or lack of blood flow, often resulting from infection or inflammation leading to tissue damage.

C. Cellular adaptation refers to changes that occur in cells in response to stress or injury but does not encompass the direct consequences of infection and impaired blood flow.

D. Cellular damage can occur as a result of necrosis or other processes, but in the context of infection and blood flow issues, necrosis is the more definitive outcome.