Which of the following manifestations may indicate that a client has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)? (Select all that apply)
Butterfly rash
Pleural effusions
Elevated ammonia levels
Pericarditis
Esophageal varices
Correct Answer : A,B,D
Choice A reason: Butterfly rash, a malar erythema, is a classic SLE sign, triggered by photosensitivity and immune complex deposition in skin, reflecting systemic inflammation.
Choice B reason: Pleural effusions occur in SLE from serositis, where autoantibodies inflame pleura, causing fluid buildup, a common thoracic manifestation of the disease.
Choice C reason: Elevated ammonia levels relate to liver failure, not SLE, which affects kidneys and joints, not ammonia metabolism, making this unrelated.
Choice D reason: Pericarditis in SLE results from immune-mediated inflammation of the pericardium, causing chest pain and effusion, a frequent cardiac feature.
Choice E reason: Esophageal varices stem from portal hypertension in cirrhosis, not SLE, which targets connective tissues, not liver vasculature directly.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Dressing involves both sides but can be adapted with the left hand; right-sided CVA impairs left-side function, less affecting dominant right-hand tasks.
Choice B reason: Writing, a fine motor skill, relies on the dominant right hand, controlled by the left brain; right-sided CVA disrupts this, making it most difficult.
Choice C reason: Combing hair uses gross motor skills, manageable with the left hand despite right-sided CVA’s left-sided weakness, less challenging than writing.
Choice D reason: Eating uses the right hand but can be adjusted with utensils or left-hand assistance; it’s less precise than writing, so less impacted.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Heparin prevents clotting during dialysis but doesn’t reduce hemoglobin or hematocrit directly. It’s not a primary cause of anemia in renal failure, unlike erythropoietin deficiency.
Choice B reason: Kidneys in chronic renal failure fail to produce erythropoietin, a hormone stimulating red blood cell production, leading to low hemoglobin and hematocrit, the key cause here.
Choice C reason: Minor blood loss occurs in dialysis, but it’s not the primary reason for chronic anemia. Erythropoietin deficiency from renal failure has a greater impact on counts.
Choice D reason: Poor protein intake affects overall health but isn’t the main driver of anemia in renal failure. Erythropoietin loss from kidney dysfunction is the dominant factor.
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