Which of the following mechanisms produces the most ATP during cellular respiration?
Electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation
oxidation reactions
substrate-level phosphorylation
lactic acid production
The Correct Answer is A
A. Electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation: This stage of cellular respiration produces the majority of ATP, typically about 26–34 molecules per glucose. It relies on the transfer of electrons through protein complexes and the use of a proton gradient to drive ATP synthase activity.
B. oxidation reactions: Oxidation reactions remove electrons from molecules, often transferring them to NAD⁺ or FAD. While essential for energy extraction, these reactions alone do not directly generate large amounts of ATP.
C. substrate-level phosphorylation: This mechanism occurs during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, producing ATP directly from enzyme-mediated reactions. However, it only accounts for a small fraction of ATP yield, about 2 ATP in glycolysis and 2 in the Krebs cycle.
D. lactic acid production: Lactic acid is formed in anaerobic respiration when pyruvate is reduced to lactate. This process regenerates NAD⁺ for glycolysis but yields no additional ATP beyond the small amount produced in glycolysis itself.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one protein:A gene is a functional unit of DNA that contains the necessary coding sequence to produce a specific protein. It includes exons, which code for amino acids, and regulatory regions that control expression.
B. a strand of introns only:Introns are non-coding segments within a gene that are removed during RNA processing. A gene is not composed solely of introns, as it also contains exons that determine protein structure.
C. an RNA messenger that codes for a particular polypeptide:Messenger RNA is the transcript produced from a gene. While it carries the code for a protein, the gene itself is the DNA sequence, not the RNA product.
D. a three-base triplet that specifies a particular amino acid:A three-base triplet is a codon in mRNA, which specifies a single amino acid during translation. A gene consists of many codons and encompasses the full sequence necessary for the entire protein.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
True:Vellus hair is soft, fine, and lightly pigmented, covering much of the body surface. It is most noticeable in children and adult females, where it serves a protective function without providing significant insulation.
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