Which of the following routes is affected by the first-pass effect?

Oral (PO)

Intravenous (IV)

Intramuscular (M)

Subcutaneous (SC)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   The first-pass effect refers to the metabolism of a drug in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation. This primarily affects oral medications, as they are absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and first pass through the liver.
B.   Intravenous (IV) drugs bypass the first-pass effect as they are directly introduced into the bloodstream.
C.   Intramuscular (IM) and D. Subcutaneous (SC) routes also bypass the first-pass effect since the drug enters the bloodstream without passing through the liver initially.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. This is incorrect. Raloxifene is not classified as Category A. It is not recommended during pregnancy.
B. Raloxifene is not classified as Category B. It poses risks to the fetus.
C. This is incorrect. Raloxifene is classified as Category X due to its potential harm to a developing fetus. D to potential harm to the fetus.

A. 0.9% Sodium Chloride B. 0.45% Sodium Chloride C. 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringers D. None of the above

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. 0.9% Sodium chloride (normal saline) is an isotonic solution, meaning it has a similar osmolality to the blood and will not cause fluid shifts into or out of cells.
B. This is a hypotonic solution, which has a lower osmolality than blood and can cause water to move into cells, potentially leading to cell swelling.
C. This solution is considered isotonic, but it has dextrose, which is metabolized quickly in the body, potentially making the solution hypotonic after glucose is used.
D. This is incorrect, as 0.9% Sodium Chloride is an isotonic solution.

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Which of the following routes is affected by the first-pass effect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing an in-service on raloxifene (Evista) to a group of female clients. What is the pregnancy risk category of raloxifene (Evista)?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is preparing to administer hydration via an intravenous route to a client. The nurse understands that the patient needs an isotonic solution. Which of the following options is considered an isotonic solution?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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