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Which of the following routes is affected by the first-pass effect?

A.

Oral (PO)

B.

Intravenous (IV)

C.

Intramuscular (M)

D.

Subcutaneous (SC)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.    The first-pass effect refers to the metabolism of a drug in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation. This primarily affects oral medications, as they are absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and first pass through the liver.
B.    Intravenous (IV) drugs bypass the first-pass effect as they are directly introduced into the bloodstream.
C.    Intramuscular (IM) and D. Subcutaneous (SC) routes also bypass the first-pass effect since the drug enters the bloodstream without passing through the liver initially.
 


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Vomiting is not typically associated with extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). However, prochlorperazine is used to prevent nausea and vomiting, so vomiting would not be related to EPS.
B. Restlessness (also called akathisia) is a common symptom of EPS, which is a movement disorder that can occur as a side effect of antipsychotic medications like prochlorperazine. Other symptoms may include tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
C. Pulmonary edema is not a sign of EPS. It is a serious condition involving fluid accumulation in the lungs, typically related to heart failure or other serious health conditions.
D. Nausea is not a sign of EPS. While prochlorperazine is used to treat nausea, EPS symptoms typically involve abnormal movements or muscle control issues.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Docusate sodium (Colace): This is a stool softener and is used to treat constipation, not diarrhea.
B. Sucralfate (Carafate): This medication is used to treat ulcers, not diarrhea.
C. Omeprazole (Prilosec): This is a proton pump inhibitor, used to treat gastric acid-related conditions, not diarrhea.
D. Loperamide (Imodium): Loperamide is an anti-diarrheal medication that slows down gut motility and is indicated to treat diarrhea.

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