Which of the following statements accurately describes the term “micturition”?

The act of experiencing total urinary incontinence.

The act of emptying the urinary bladder.

The condition of being unable to completely empty the urinary bladder.

The act of catheterizing the urinary bladder.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale:
Total urinary incontinence is the involuntary loss of all urine from the bladder. It is not synonymous with micturition, which is a controlled process of bladder emptying.
Incontinence can stem from various factors, including neurological disorders, muscle weakness, medication side effects, and structural abnormalities.
It's essential to distinguish between incontinence and micturition for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Choice B rationale:
Micturition, also known as urination or voiding, is the physiological process of emptying the urinary bladder. It involves a coordinated interplay between the nervous system, bladder muscles, and urethral sphincters. When the bladder fills with urine, stretch receptors signal the nervous system, prompting the urge to urinate. If conditions are appropriate, the nervous system initiates a series of events:
The detrusor muscle in the bladder wall contracts.

The internal urethral sphincter relaxes, opening the pathway for urine to flow.
The external urethral sphincter, under voluntary control, relaxes to allow urine to pass through the urethra and out of the body.
Choice C rationale:
The inability to completely empty the bladder is called urinary retention.
It can result from various causes, including obstruction (e.g., enlarged prostate, urethral stricture), neurological disorders, medications, and pelvic floor dysfunction.
Urinary retention differs from micturition, as it involves incomplete bladder emptying.
Choice D rationale:
Catheterization is the process of inserting a thin, flexible tube (catheter) into the bladder to drain urine.
It's a medical procedure performed for various reasons, such as urinary retention, bladder obstruction, or to collect urine samples.
Catheterization is not a natural process of micturition, but a medical intervention.

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Correct Answer is ["65"]

Explanation

Here are the steps to calculate the flow rate in gtt/min:

Step 1: Calculate the total volume of fluid to be infused.

The order is for 1.5 grams of Ampicillin added to 100 mL of Normal Saline, so the total volume is 100 mL. Step 2: Calculate the number of vials of Ampicillin needed.

Each vial contains 500 mg of Ampicillin, and the order is for 1.5 grams (which is 1500 mg). Therefore, you will need 3 vials of Ampicillin (1500 mg ÷ 500 mg/vial = 3 vials). Step 3: Calculate the total volume of Ampicillin solution.

Each vial contains 10 mL of Ampicillin solution, and you need 3 vials.

Therefore, the total volume of Ampicillin solution is 30 mL (3 vials × 10 mL/vial = 30 mL). Step 4: Calculate the total volume to be infused, including the Ampicillin solution. The total volume is 100 mL of Normal Saline + 30 mL of Ampicillin solution = 130 mL. Step 5: Calculate the infusion time in minutes.

The order is to infuse over 120 minutes.

Step 6: Calculate the flow rate in gtt/min.

Use the formula: Flow rate (gtt/min) = Total volume (mL) × Drop factor (gtt/mL) ÷ Infusion time (min) Plug in the values: Flow rate = 130 mL × 60 gtt/mL ÷ 120 min

Simplify: Flow rate = 7800 ÷ 120

Flow rate = 65 gtt/min

Therefore, the flow rate in gtt/min in which the IV fluid is to flow is 65 gtt/min.

A. The treatment may have been effective, but we need a repeat urinalysis to confirm. B. The treatment has been ineffective, but you must continue the antibiotic. B. The treatment has been effective, and you may discontinue the antibiotic. C. The treatment has been effective, but you must continue to complete the regimen of antibiotic. D. The treatment has been effective, but you must continue to complete the regimen of antibiotic.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Completing the Full Course of Antibiotics Is Essential to Prevent Recurrence and Antibiotic Resistance:

Eradication of Bacteria: Even though symptoms may have resolved, it's crucial to continue the full course of antibiotics to ensure complete eradication of the bacteria causing the UTI. Incomplete treatment can lead to:

Recurrence: Bacteria that haven't been fully eliminated can repopulate and cause a relapse of the infection. Antibiotic Resistance: Bacteria can develop resistance to the antibiotic, making future infections more difficult to treat. Specific Considerations for Nitrofurantoin:

Bacterial Suppression: Nitrofurantoin works primarily in the bladder, so it's essential to maintain adequate levels for a sufficient duration to fully suppress bacterial growth and prevent reinfection.

Delayed Symptom Resolution: In some cases, symptom resolution may lag behind bacterial eradication. Continuing the full course ensures treatment even if symptoms haven't completely subsided.

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Which of the following statements accurately describes the term “micturition”?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The order is Ampicillin 1.5 grams added to 100mL of Normal Saline, infuse over 120 minutes. Drop Factor is 60gtt/mL. Available from pharmacy is Ampicillin 500mg in 10mL vial. Calculate the flow rate in gtt/min in which the IV fluid is to flow.

Correct Answer is ["65"]

Explanation

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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