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Which scenario illustrates the placebo effect?

A.

A pill with no antidepressant medication reduces a person's depression symptoms

B.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation works best when a person has a mild disorder

C.

Antidepressant medication increases a person's risk of self-harm behaviors

D.

Electroconvulsive therapy is minimally effective for a person with schizophrenia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. The placebo effect occurs when a person experiences improvements in symptoms after receiving a treatment that has no therapeutic effect, such as a pill without active ingredients.

B. This statement does not involve the placebo effect but rather refers to the effectiveness of a specific treatment for a condition.

C. This describes a side effect of a medication but not the placebo effect.

D. This refers to the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for schizophrenia, which does not involve a placebo effect.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Entering new information into memory is more closely associated with the hippocampus, not the parietal lobes.

B. While motor control is a function of the parietal lobes, it is more specifically handled by the motor cortex located in the frontal lobe.

C. The parietal lobes are involved in processing sensory information, spatial awareness, and motor control, which includes coordinating movement and processing sensory inputs.

D. Comprehending language is primarily a function of the temporal lobe, specifically in the Wernicke's area.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Negative reinforcement does not specifically involve innate responses; it refers to the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behavior.

B. Negative reinforcement encourages the continuation or increase of a behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus, not the avoidance of the enforcer.

C. Negative reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior by removing an aversive stimulus when the behavior occurs.

D. Negative reinforcement is not used to reduce behaviors; that is the role of punishment, which decreases the likelihood of a behavior.

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