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Which therapy replaces a positive response to a harmful stimulus with a negative response?

A.

Systematic desensitization

B.

Psychoanalysis

C.

Aversive conditioning

D.

Rational-emotive therapy

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Systematic desensitization is a technique used in exposure therapy to gradually reduce anxiety by exposing the person to the feared stimulus in a controlled, step-by-step manner.

B. Psychoanalysis focuses on exploring unconscious processes and past experiences to uncover the root causes of symptoms but does not directly involve replacing responses to harmful stimuli.

C. Aversive conditioning involves pairing a harmful or undesirable stimulus with an unpleasant or negative response, often to reduce unwanted behaviors (e.g., using nausea-inducing substances to stop smoking).

D. Rational-emotive therapy (RET) focuses on changing irrational beliefs, but it does not involve pairing stimuli with negative responses.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Negative reinforcement does not specifically involve innate responses; it refers to the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behavior.

B. Negative reinforcement encourages the continuation or increase of a behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus, not the avoidance of the enforcer.

C. Negative reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior by removing an aversive stimulus when the behavior occurs.

D. Negative reinforcement is not used to reduce behaviors; that is the role of punishment, which decreases the likelihood of a behavior.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Albert Bandura is known for his social learning theory, emphasizing the role of observational learning and self-efficacy rather than focusing on free will and self-determination.

B. Carl Rogers, a key figure in the humanistic movement, proposed that individuals have the capacity for self-improvement through free will and self-determination, emphasizing personal growth and self-actualization.

C. BF Skinner is associated with behaviorism, focusing on behavior being shaped by environmental factors and reinforcement, not on concepts of free will and self-determination.

D. Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, emphasized unconscious motives and conflicts rather than free will and self-determination in personal growth.

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