Which therapy replaces a positive response to a harmful stimulus with a negative response?
Systematic desensitization
Psychoanalysis
Aversive conditioning
Rational-emotive therapy
The Correct Answer is C
A. Systematic desensitization is a technique used in exposure therapy to gradually reduce anxiety by exposing the person to the feared stimulus in a controlled, step-by-step manner.
B. Psychoanalysis focuses on exploring unconscious processes and past experiences to uncover the root causes of symptoms but does not directly involve replacing responses to harmful stimuli.
C. Aversive conditioning involves pairing a harmful or undesirable stimulus with an unpleasant or negative response, often to reduce unwanted behaviors (e.g., using nausea-inducing substances to stop smoking).
D. Rational-emotive therapy (RET) focuses on changing irrational beliefs, but it does not involve pairing stimuli with negative responses.
Nursing Test Bank
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The unconditioned response (UCR) refers to the dog's natural reaction to food, such as salivation, not the food itself.
B. The food is the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) because it naturally and automatically triggers the dog's salivation (the unconditioned response) without prior learning.
C. The conditioned response (CR) refers to a learned response, like salivation to a conditioned stimulus (e.g., a bell).
D. The conditioned stimulus (CS) would be something like the bell that, after association with food, eventually causes salivation.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Functionalism is associated with William James and focuses on how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment.
B. Humanism, associated with Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization.
C. Multiculturalism considers cultural influences on behavior but is not linked to Freud.
D. Psychodynamic theory, developed by Freud, focuses on unconscious processes and childhood experiences.
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