Which study would most likely be conducted using a qualitative methodology?

A nurse-researcher is dissatisfied with the results of a data analysis and recalculates the statistical computations applied to the data for the purpose of obtaining results that are more supportive of the researcher's personal belief system.
Which term best describes the outcome of this procedure?

A nurse-manager wants to determine if clients discharged in warmer months from a postoperative orthopedic unit are more likely to adhere to a daily exercise regimen than those discharged during colder months. The nurse wants clients to have an equal chance of participating in the study, and plans to access the hospital's client database to identify those discharged from the orthopedic unit after joint replacement surgery during the past 12 months.
What type of sampling method should the researcher choose to best answer the study question?

A researcher is assessing the reliability of a new instrument that was constructed to measure pain perception following cardiac catheterization.
The Cronbach's alpha obtained from a pilot study of the tool was 0.35. Which evaluation does the alpha value indicate?

Which characteristic of a research statement is missing in this statement? "A study was conducted to evaluate whether short-term, cultural immersion, clinical experiences could effect change in cultural sensitivity and cultural self-efficacy.".

The nurse is conducting a research study on the effects of back massage on older adults. Baseline pulse and blood pressure measurements are obtained for each subject. One-half of the subjects receive a back massage, and the other half does not. Three sets of blood pressure and pulse measurements are taken on all subjects following the back massage received by one-half of the subjects. Ten minutes are spent with each subject while taking these measurements.
What is the independent variable?

A group of students at a university volunteered to participate in a study of attitudes about their personal safety.
The day before the study began, the nation experienced the 9/11 terrorism attacks. What statement is accurate regarding the event associated with this study?

Which interpretation of this statement of findings is accurate? "Several characteristics were positively associated (p <.05) with nurses' attitudes about hospice care for terminally ill clients.
Nurses who reported having had oncology experience, having cared for a close friend or family member who had used hospice, and being satisfied with interactions with hospice caregivers were more likely to have discussed hospice care with terminally ill clients.".

A nurse-manager describes this process for IV insertions on a surgical unit: "We began requiring RNs to cleanse all peripheral insertion sites with both alcohol and an iodine-based cleanser before starting an IV because several multi-institutional studies found a statistically significant decrease in IV-related septicemia rates for surgical clients when both alcohol and iodine were used as cleansers as compared with those who had alcohol only cleansing prior to IV insertions." What statement best describes this unit's client care requirements?

In a study of hypertension among elementary school students, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of each child in one school was measured one time at the end of a school year.
This is an example of which study design?

A nurse reads this statement from the results section of a research article published in a peer-reviewed nursing journal:. "Data analysis indicated a statistically significant increase in nosocomial infection rates in postoperative clients in the intensive care unit at Hospital A as compared to infection rates of a similar sample at Hospital B, but the incidence of client complications from these infections was minimal at both institutions.". Which action should the nurse take based on the correct interpretation of this research finding?