Which study would most likely be conducted using a qualitative methodology?
Descriptive study on coping mechanisms employed by family caregivers.
Prospective study on the long-term effects of chronic fatigue syndrome.
Phenomenological study of hardiness of clients with terminal diseases.
Epidemiological study regarding AIDS infection rates in a community.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice C rationale:
Phenomenological study of hardiness of clients with terminal diseases. Rationale: Qualitative research methodologies, such as phenomenology, are often used to explore and understand the lived experiences, perceptions, and meanings that individuals attach to specific phenomena. In this case, a phenomenological study is the most suitable approach to explore the "hardiness" (a subjective and experiential concept) of clients with terminal diseases.
Choice A rationale:
Descriptive study on coping mechanisms employed by family caregivers. Rationale: Descriptive studies typically aim to provide a comprehensive overview or description of a particular phenomenon. While this could involve qualitative data, the focus is on describing rather than deeply exploring subjective experiences, which is more aligned with quantitative methods.
Choice B rationale:
Prospective study on the long-term effects of chronic fatigue syndrome. Rationale: Prospective studies typically involve the collection of quantitative data over time to assess outcomes and relationships. Long-term effects of chronic fatigue syndrome may require quantitative measurements rather than in-depth exploration of experiences.
Choice D rationale:
Epidemiological study regarding AIDS infection rates in a community. Rationale: Epidemiological studies are primarily quantitative and aim to investigate patterns and determinants of disease in populations. This approach does not typically involve qualitative methods.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale: The statement in question does identify the variables being investigated. It mentions that the study aims to evaluate whether short-term, cultural immersion, clinical experiences could affect change in cultural sensitivity and cultural self-efficacy. Both cultural sensitivity and cultural self-efficacy are the variables of interest in this research.
Choice B rationale: While the statement does mention the independent variable (short-term, cultural immersion, clinical experiences), it also includes the dependent variables (cultural sensitivity and cultural self-efficacy). So, the independent variable is indeed identified in the statement.
Choice C rationale: The missing characteristic in the research statement is the population being studied. It does not specify who the participants or subjects of the study are. The population being studied is a crucial element in a research statement because it helps define the scope and applicability of the research findings.
Choice D rationale: The statement does imply the possibility of empirical testing by stating that "a study was conducted," indicating that there was likely data collection and analysis involved. Therefore, the possibility of empirical testing is not missing from the statement.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice D rationale:
The data distribution was skewed instead of conformed to a normal curve. Parametric statistics, such as t-tests and ANOVA, assume that the data are normally distributed. When the data distribution is skewed, it violates the assumption of normality, which can affect the validity of parametric tests. Researchers should explain this limitation when reporting the study's findings.
Choice A rationale:
Collecting ratio-level data is not a limitation; in fact, it provides more information and precision than ordinal- or interval-level data.
Choice B rationale:
Finding no statistical significance in the analysis of data is not a limitation in itself but rather a result of the analysis. It may indicate that the study did not find a significant effect, but this is not a limitation of using parametric statistics.
Choice C rationale:
Having a sample considered representative of the population of interest is not a limitation but a strength of the study, as it enhances external validity.
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