Which suggestions should the nurse include when teaching about appropriate weight gain in pregnancy? (Select all that apply)

Choice A reason: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a viral sexually transmitted infection that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is characterized by a progressive decline of the immune system, leading to opportunistic infections and cancers. It does not have recurrent episodes, but rather a chronic and incurable course.

Choice B reason: Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 is a viral sexually transmitted infection that causes genital herpes. It is characterized by a primary infection followed by recurrent episodes of painful blisters and ulcers in the genital area. The virus remains latent in the nerve cells and can reactivate periodically or in response to triggers such as stress, illness, or menstruation.

Choice C reason: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral sexually transmitted infection that causes genital warts and cervical cancer. It is characterized by a persistent infection that may or may not produce symptoms. It does not have recurrent episodes, but rather a variable and unpredictable course.

Choice D reason: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a viral sexually transmitted infection that causes mild or asymptomatic infections in healthy adults. It is characterized by a latent infection that can reactivate in immunocompromised individuals, causing serious complications such as retinitis, pneumonia, or encephalitis. It does not have recurrent episodes, but rather a dormant and opportunistic course.

Choice A reason: Amniocentesis for fetal lung maturity is not an expected diagnostic procedure for a pregnant woman with bright red, painless vaginal bleeding. It is a procedure that involves inserting a needle into the amniotic sac to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid, which can be used to assess the fetal lung development. It is usually done in late pregnancy or preterm labor, not in the second trimester.

Choice B reason: Contraction stress test (CST) is not an expected diagnostic procedure for a pregnant woman with bright red, painless vaginal bleeding. It is a test that involves stimulating uterine contractions, either by nipple stimulation or oxytocin infusion, to evaluate the fetal heart rate response. It is used to assess fetal well-being and placental function, not to diagnose the cause of bleeding.

Choice C reason: Internal fetal monitoring is not an expected diagnostic procedure for a pregnant woman with bright red, painless vaginal bleeding. It is a method of measuring the fetal heart rate and uterine contractions using electrodes or catheters that are inserted through the cervix and attached to the fetal scalp or the amniotic sac. It is usually done during labor, not in the second trimester.

Choice D reason: Ultrasound for placental location is an expected diagnostic procedure for a pregnant woman with bright red, painless vaginal bleeding. It is a test that uses sound waves to create an image of the uterus, the placenta, and the fetus. It can help to determine the position and attachment of the placenta, which can be the cause of bleeding if it is low-lying or covering the cervix (placenta previa).

Choice E reason: None of the above is not a correct answer. There is one expected diagnostic procedure for a pregnant woman with bright red, painless vaginal bleeding, which is ultrasound for placental location.