The nurse is developing a workshop on cancer prevention for a group of adults at a wellness fair. Which recommendation should the nurse include in the workshop?
Obtain at least 8 to 10 hours of sleep per night.
Refrain from alcohol.
Maintain a healthy weight and exercise regularly.
Know the four warning signs of cancer.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Obtain at least 8 to 10 hours of sleep per night. Adequate sleep is important for overall health, but it is not a primary recommendation for cancer prevention. There is some evidence linking sleep disturbances to cancer risk, but maintaining a healthy weight and exercising have stronger associations with cancer prevention.
B. Refrain from alcohol. Limiting alcohol intake is recommended, but complete abstinence is not necessary for everyone. Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of certain cancers (e.g., breast, liver, esophageal), but maintaining a healthy weight and exercising have broader, more significant cancer prevention benefits.
C. Maintain a healthy weight and exercise regularly. Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle are major risk factors for multiple types of cancer, including breast, colon, and endometrial cancer. Regular physical activity reduces inflammation, improves immune function, and regulates hormones, all of which lower cancer risk.
D. Know the four warning signs of cancer. While recognizing cancer warning signs is important for early detection, prevention strategies are more effective in reducing overall cancer risk. There is no universally agreed-upon list of "four" warning signs, as different cancers present with different symptoms.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Increase in interstitial osmotic pressure due to cellular damage. A crushing injury damages cells, leading to the release of intracellular proteins and solutes into the interstitial space. This increases interstitial osmotic pressure, drawing fluid from the blood vessels into the injured tissues, causing edema. The inflammatory response further contributes to capillary permeability and fluid leakage.
B. Decrease in interstitial pressures due to low blood pressure. Blood pressure does not directly regulate interstitial pressure in a localized trauma area. Even if systemic blood pressure were low, localized edema can still occur due to tissue damage and increased capillary permeability.
C. Increased intravascular osmotic pressure due to crushing injury. Osmotic pressure in the blood is primarily determined by plasma proteins, such as albumin. A crushing injury does not increase intravascular osmotic pressure; instead, it increases interstitial osmotic pressure, pulling fluid out of the blood vessels.
D. Increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure due to trauma. While trauma can cause localized vascular changes, hydrostatic pressure primarily affects systemic circulation. In this case, localized tissue damage and inflammation—not increased intravascular pressure—are responsible for edema formation.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Peripheral neurovascular dysfunction. While some chemotherapy agents can cause neuropathy, the immediate risk of a vesicant (a drug that can cause severe tissue damage if it leaks) is extravasation, leading to skin and tissue damage, rather than direct neurovascular impairment.
B. Impaired skin integrity. Vesicants can cause severe tissue necrosis if they extravasate (leak into surrounding tissues). Leaving an IV in place for 72 hours increases the risk of infiltration or extravasation, which can lead to serious complications, including blistering, necrosis, and deep tissue injury. Proper IV site rotation and monitoring are essential to prevent skin and tissue damage.
C. Fluid volume excess. Fluid volume excess is not a direct risk related to vesicant chemotherapy. While some IV fluids can contribute to fluid overload, the primary concern with vesicants is extravasation and tissue damage.
D. Acute pain and anxiety. While pain and anxiety can occur if extravasation happens, the greatest clinical risk is the physical damage caused by tissue necrosis. Pain is a symptom of extravasation, but preventing skin and tissue injury is the priority.
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