Which assessment finding of an older adult client should the nurse associate with normal aging?

Kyphosis.

Barrel chest.

Lordosis.

Pectus excavatum.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Kyphosis: A rounding of the upper back, causing a hunchback appearance. While it can also be caused by other conditions, a mild kyphosis is a common finding in older adults due to weakening muscles and spinal compression.

B. Barrel chest: This refers to a chest that is fixed in an outward position, often caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or other lung conditions.

C. Lordosis: An exaggerated inward curve of the lower back, which is not a typical feature of normal aging.

D. Pectus excavatum: A sunken appearance of the chest wall, usually a congenital condition present from birth.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Assess daily alcohol intake: Alcohol misuse can contribute to a variety of psychiatric symptoms, including hallucinations or delusions. Older adults may metabolize alcohol differently, leading to higher susceptibility to its effects. While this is important, it may not be the first priority unless there are clear signs of alcohol misuse (e.g., smell of alcohol, history provided by the client or family).

B. Identify signs of depression: Depression in older adults can sometimes present with psychotic features, including hallucinations or delusions. Understanding the client's emotional state and identifying symptoms of depression can provide insight into the cause of their behaviour. Depression is common in older adults and can be a precursor or a component of other psychiatric conditions.

C. Determine cognitive status: Cognitive impairment (e.g., dementia) can often present with hallucinations or delusions, and evaluating cognitive status can help differentiate between different types of disorders (e.g., dementia vs. primary psychotic disorders). Assessing cognitive function helps in identifying conditions like Alzheimer's disease or other dementias where hallucinations can be a symptom. This assessment can guide the further direction of evaluation and treatment, making it a critical first step.

D. Review risk factors for abuse: Older adults are at risk of abuse, which can include physical, emotional, and financial abuse. Identifying these risk factors is crucial for their safety and well-being. While this is a significant concern, unless there are immediate signs or disclosures of abuse, it may not be the most urgent assessment in the context of hallucinations.

A. 3-year-old preferring to walk on the tip toes. B. 1.5-year-old attempting to scribble on paper. C. 5-month-old with use of whole hand grasp. D. 3.5-month-old with diminished Moro reflex.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. 3-year-old walking on tiptoes: While some children may walk on their tiptoes occasionally, it's not necessarily a cause for concern unless it's persistent or accompanied by other developmental delays.

B. 1.5-year-old attempting to scribble: This is a typical stage for exploring hand and finger movements, leading to early attempts at drawing.

C. 5-month-old with whole hand grasp: At this age, infants use their whole hand to grasp objects, which is a normal developmental step before developing a more refined pincer grasp.

D. 3.5-month-old with diminished Moro reflex. The Moro reflex is a normal reflex in newborns that typically disappears by around 4 to 6 months of age. A diminished or absent Moro reflex before this age could indicate neurological concerns or developmental delays. Referral to a healthcare provider is necessary for further evaluation.

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Which assessment finding of an older adult client should the nurse associate with normal aging?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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