Which type of cancer is derived from the stratum spinosum?

A. arrector pili muscles; skeletal
Arrector pili muscles are not voluntary, and skeletal muscle is under voluntary control.

B. apocrine pili muscles; smooth
“Apocrine pili” is not a valid term. Apocrine glands are sweat glands, not muscles.

C. arrector pili muscles; cardiac
Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart and is not associated with skin or hair.

D. arrector pili muscles; smooth
These small involuntary muscles are attached to hair follicles and made of smooth muscle, which contracts to produce goosebumps (piloerection) in response to cold or emotional stimuli.

A. white blood cells and nutrients to get to site of injury quicker; redness: Vasodilation increases blood flow, bringing immune cells and nutrients quickly to the site. Increased blood flow also causes redness (rubor), a classic sign of inflammation.

B. white blood cells to leave blood vessels at site of injury; redness: While WBCs do exit blood vessels during inflammation (diapedesis), redness is more directly caused by increased blood flow, not by WBC migration.

C. white blood cells and nutrients to get to site of injury quicker; swelling: Vasodilation leads to increased blood flow (causing redness), while swelling (tumor) is more due to increased vascular permeability and fluid leakage.

D. white blood cells to leave blood vessels at site of injury; edema: This describes part of the inflammatory process correctly (WBC extravasation and edema), but vasodilation itself mainly leads to increased blood flow and redness, not edema.