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The proper sequence of events in bone repair is

A.

callus formation, hematoma formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone

B.

remodeling of bone, callus ossification, hematoma formation, callus formation

C.

hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone

D.

callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone, hematoma formation

E.

hematoma formation, callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. callus formation, hematoma formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone
Incorrect sequence. Hematoma forms first, followed by soft callus, then hard callus (ossification), then remodeling.

B. remodeling of bone, callus ossification, hematoma formation, callus formation
This sequence is completely out of order; remodeling is the final step, not the first.

C. hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone
 This is the proper order:

  1. Hematoma (blood clot) forms immediately after fracture
  2. Callus formation (fibrocartilaginous soft callus) bridges the break
  3. Callus ossification (hard callus) replaces cartilage with bone
  4. Remodeling reshapes the bone to restore structure and strength

D. callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone, hematoma formation
Incorrect-chronologically reversed.

E. hematoma formation, callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone
The ossification step comes after the initial callus formation, not before.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. vitamin A
Vitamin A plays a role in bone remodeling, but excess vitamin A can cause bone fragility. It’s not the first recommendation in cases of brittle bones.

B. vitamin D
Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium from the digestive tract. A deficiency can lead to osteomalacia (soft bones) or osteoporosis (brittle bones), and also contributes to tooth decay.

C. vitamin C
Vitamin C is needed for collagen synthesis, which is important in bone matrix formation, but deficiency leads to scurvy, not typically brittle bones and teeth loss in this context.

D. vitamin E
Vitamin E is an antioxidant but does not have a primary role in bone or dental health.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. apocrine: Apocrine glands release part of their cytoplasm with the secretion, which can include membrane-bound substances like phospholipids.

B. merocrine: Merocrine glands secrete products via exocytosis without releasing any cytoplasm or membrane material. Their secretions do not contain phospholipids.

C. sebaceous: Sebaceous glands are holocrine glands that release the entire cell contents, including membrane lipids such as phospholipids.

D. holocrine: These glands release whole cells that disintegrate, leading to secretions rich in lipids, including phospholipids.

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