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The proper sequence of events in bone repair is

A.

callus formation, hematoma formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone

B.

remodeling of bone, callus ossification, hematoma formation, callus formation

C.

hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone

D.

callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone, hematoma formation

E.

hematoma formation, callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. callus formation, hematoma formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone
Incorrect sequence. Hematoma forms first, followed by soft callus, then hard callus (ossification), then remodeling.

B. remodeling of bone, callus ossification, hematoma formation, callus formation
This sequence is completely out of order; remodeling is the final step, not the first.

C. hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone
 This is the proper order:

  1. Hematoma (blood clot) forms immediately after fracture
  2. Callus formation (fibrocartilaginous soft callus) bridges the break
  3. Callus ossification (hard callus) replaces cartilage with bone
  4. Remodeling reshapes the bone to restore structure and strength

D. callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone, hematoma formation
Incorrect-chronologically reversed.

E. hematoma formation, callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone
The ossification step comes after the initial callus formation, not before.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. collagen
Collagen provides tensile strength and structural support in connective tissues but is not water-resistant or as hard as keratin.

B. elastic
Elastic fibers allow tissues to stretch and recoil. They are not hard or water-resistant.

C. hyaluronic acid fibrin
Hyaluronic acid is a glycosaminoglycan important for hydration in connective tissue; fibrin is a clotting protein. Neither is a hard, water-resistant structural protein.

D. keratin
Keratin is a fibrous protein found in skin, hair, and nails. It provides a tough, water-resistant barrier on the outer skin (especially in the stratum corneum).

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. endochondral growth
Endochondral ossification is the process of bone formation from cartilage, not cartilage growth itself.

B. interstitial growth
Interstitial growth occurs within the cartilage as chondrocytes divide and secrete matrix, expanding the tissue from the inside.

C. appositional growth
Appositional growth occurs when new layers are added to the surface of cartilage or bone by cells in the perichondrium or periosteum.

D. intramembranous growth
Intramembranous ossification is a bone formation process, where bone develops directly from mesenchyme, not a method of cartilage growth.

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