Which type of evidence uses non-numerical, subjective data such as surveys and interviews?

Choice A reason: The Great Man Theory is based on the belief that leaders are exceptional people, born with innate qualities, and destined to lead. The theory suggests that the capacity for leadership is inherent and that great leaders will rise when there is a great need.

Choice B reason: Charismatic and Transformational Theory focuses on the ability of leaders to inspire and motivate followers through their vision, personality, and actions. It does not necessarily suggest that leaders are born.

Choice C reason: Behavioral Theory suggests that leadership is a set of behaviors that can be taught and learned, indicating that leaders are made, not born. It emphasizes the actions of leaders, not their innate qualities.

Choice D reason: Cultural Competence Theory relates to the ability of leaders to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures. It is not concerned with whether leaders are born or made.

Choice A reason:

Nonmaleficence is the ethical principle that obligates healthcare providers to avoid causing harm to patients. It encompasses not only direct harm but also the risk of harm, ensuring that actions taken are not detrimental to the patient's well-being.

Choice B reason:

Justice in ethics refers to fairness and equality in the distribution of benefits and burdens. While it is an important principle, it does not specifically address the avoidance of harm.

Choice C reason:

Fidelity involves being faithful to commitments and promises, such as maintaining confidentiality and trust in the patient-provider relationship. It is not directly related to the avoidance of harm.

Choice D reason:

Beneficence is the principle of doing good and acting in the best interest of the patient. Although related to nonmaleficence, beneficence is more about proactive well-doing rather than the avoidance of harm.