Ethical analysis and ethical decision-making depend heavily on which of the following?
The formation of an ethical committee
The nurse's moral compass
The black and white concept of morality
The ability to ask good questions
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason:
The formation of an ethical committee can be helpful in ethical decision-making, but it is not the sole factor. Committees provide a structured approach to addressing ethical issues, yet individual reasoning and questioning are also crucial.
Choice B reason:
The nurse's moral compass is important in guiding personal ethical decisions. However, ethical analysis often requires going beyond individual morals to consider broader ethical principles and the perspectives of others.
Choice C reason:
The black and white concept of morality suggests clear-cut right and wrong answers, which is rarely the case in ethical analysis. Ethical dilemmas often involve complex situations that require nuanced thinking.
Choice D reason:
The ability to ask good questions is fundamental to ethical analysis and decision-making. It allows individuals to explore different aspects of a situation, consider various viewpoints, and weigh the consequences of potential actions.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This choice suggests evaluating the evidence before searching the literature, which is not the correct order for creating an evidence-based question. The literature search should come after developing the question to find relevant evidence.
Choice B reason: This is the correct sequence. Developing a PICOT (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Time) question provides a structured framework for the inquiry. Searching the literature follows to find evidence that answers the PICOT question. The evidence is then evaluated for quality and relevance, applied in practice, and finally, the outcomes/results are evaluated to assess the impact.
Choice C reason: Evaluating the outcomes/results before searching the literature is not logical, as the outcomes can only be evaluated after the evidence has been applied in practice.
Choice D reason: Searching the literature should be guided by the PICOT question, so it is not the first step. The question helps to focus the literature search on obtaining specific evidence needed to answer the clinical question.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Integrity involves adhering to moral and ethical principles, and while it is important in healthcare, it does not specifically refer to the act of protecting and supporting another's rights.
Choice B reason:
Compassion is the feeling of empathy and concern for others, which can motivate advocacy, but in itself, it is not the act of advocating for a patient's rights and dignity.
Choice C reason:
Advocacy is the correct term that describes the protection and support of another's rights. It involves actions taken to speak on behalf of the patient, represent their interests, and uphold their dignity and worth within the healthcare system.
Choice D reason:
Humility is the quality of having a modest view of one's importance. While a humble approach can be beneficial in patient care, it is not synonymous with advocating for a patient's rights and dignity.
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