Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs and is responsible for involuntary movements?
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Striated muscle
The Correct Answer is B
A. Cardiac muscle: Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart. It is striated and involuntary with unique intercalated discs and autorhythmicity; it is not the muscle that lines most hollow organs (like intestines, bladder, blood vessels).
B. Smooth muscle: Smooth muscle is non-striated, involuntary muscle located in the walls of hollow organs (e.g., gastrointestinal tract, bladder, uterus), blood vessel walls, and bronchi. It generates slow, sustained contractions for peristalsis, vasomotion, and other automatic functions.
C. Skeletal muscle: Skeletal muscle is striated and under voluntary control, attached to bones to produce movement; it is not the primary muscle of hollow organ walls.
D. Striated muscle: “Striated muscle” is a descriptive term that includes skeletal and cardiac muscle (both have striations). Since the question asks specifically about involuntary muscle in hollow organs, striated muscle is not the correct category.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Ribosomes:Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis. They read RNA sequences to assemble amino acids into proteins, but they do not produce energy.
B. Golgi apparatus:The Golgi apparatus functions as the cell's "post office." It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
C. Nucleus:The nucleus is the control center of the cell, housing the genetic material (DNA). While it directs cellular activities, it does not directly generate ATP.
D. Mitochondria:Often called the "powerhouse" of the cell, mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration. They break down nutrients (glucose and fatty acids) in the presence of oxygen to produce Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of the cell.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Enteric nervous system:The Enteric nervous system is a mesh-like system of neurons that governs the function of the gastrointestinal tract (the "brain of the gut"). It manages digestion, not the systemic stress response.
B. Central nervous system:While the brain (specifically the hypothalamus and amygdala) perceives the threat, the execution of the physiological "fight or flight" changes (racing heart, dilated pupils) is carried out by the autonomic nerves.
C. Peripheral nervous system:Similar to Question 45, this is a broad anatomical term. While the stress response nerves are located in the periphery, the specific functional system is the Autonomic Nervous System.
D. Autonomic nervous system:The Autonomic Nervous System has two main branches: the Sympatheticand the Parasympathetic. The Sympathetic division is directly responsible for the "fight or flight" response, mobilizing the body's energy during stress.
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