Which type of tort may occur if a client is not allowed to leave the hospital after receiving emergency care until the bill is paid?

The client's spouse: While the spouse may be a close family member and have significant input into the client's medical decisions, the ultimate authority for decisions like a DNR order rests with the client, assuming they are competent to make their own decisions.

The client's only child: Similar to the spouse, a child can have an emotional and supportive role in the decision-making process, but unless legally designated as the healthcare proxy or power of attorney for healthcare decisions, they do not typically have the legal authority to make decisions for a competent adult.

The client: In the context of medical decision-making, the principle of patient autonomy is fundamental. If the client is competent and capable of making decisions, their wishes and consent are paramount. In the case of a DNR order, it should be discussed thoroughly with the client, ensuring they understand the implications, risks, and benefits before making an informed decision.

Any close blood-related relative: In general, the authority to make medical decisions, including DNR orders, is not automatically granted to any blood-related relative. The client or their legally appointed representative (such as a healthcare proxy) usually holds this authority.

The client missed his follow-up appointment:This information is relevant to the client's care, indicating a missed appointment and potential need for rescheduling or follow-up.

The client stopped taking his medications: This is crucial information about the client's medication adherence, which can impact their health outcomes and treatment plan.

The client refused to go to therapy: Documenting the client's refusal of therapy is essential for continuity of care and ensuring that the healthcare team is aware of the client's decisions regarding their treatment.

The nurse thinks the client is hostile: Documenting the nurse's personal opinion about the client being hostile is not appropriate in the client's chart. Objective, observable behaviors should be documented, but subjective judgments or personal opinions about the client's demeanor or attitude should not be included in the chart. It is important to maintain professionalism and objectivity in documentation.