Who is the primary authority source for drug standards in the United States?
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Calculate the total volume for all doses:
The Correct Answer is B
A) Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
The DEA is primarily responsible for enforcing the controlled substances laws and regulations, including monitoring the manufacturing and distribution of drugs that are classified as controlled substances. While the DEA plays an important role in regulating drugs, particularly those that have a high potential for abuse, it is not the primary authority on drug standards or approval processes.
B) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
The FDA is the primary authority responsible for drug standards in the United States. The FDA regulates the safety, efficacy, and quality of pharmaceutical drugs, vaccines, biologics, and medical devices. It is responsible for approving new medications, ensuring they meet rigorous standards for safety and effectiveness before they are made available to the public. The FDA also monitors drugs after they are approved, requiring post-market surveillance and, if necessary, issuing recalls or safety warnings.
C) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
The CDC is focused on public health and disease prevention rather than the regulation of drugs. The CDC plays an important role in providing guidelines for the treatment and prevention of diseases, offering recommendations for vaccination schedules, and conducting epidemiological research.
D) National Institutes of Health (NIH)
The NIH is a leading medical research organization that conducts and funds biomedical research. While the NIH plays a crucial role in advancing scientific knowledge and supporting the development of new treatments, it does not have the authority to regulate or set standards for drugs.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A) Bradycardia
Bradycardia (a slow heart rate) is not the most common response to nitroglycerin (NTG). While NTG can affect heart rate in some individuals, its primary action is related to blood vessels, and it typically leads to vasodilation, which more commonly results in reflex tachycardia (an increased heart rate), rather than bradycardia.
B) Tachycardia
Tachycardia (an increased heart rate) can occur as a compensatory mechanism when nitroglycerin causes vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. However, this is more of a secondary effect. The primary action of nitroglycerin is to lower blood pressure (by dilating blood vessels), and in response to the lowered blood pressure, the body may try to compensate by increasing the heart rate.
C) Hypotension
The most common and primary response to nitroglycerin (NTG) administration is hypotension. Nitroglycerin works by relaxing smooth muscle in blood vessels, leading to vasodilation (widening of blood vessels). This reduces the amount of work the heart has to do and lowers the overall blood pressure. Hypotension is expected as part of the therapeutic effect of NTG, especially with a larger dose or rapid administration (e.g., sublingual NTG).
D) Dry mouth
While many medications can cause dry mouth (especially anticholinergic drugs), nitroglycerin is not typically associated with this issue. Its primary action is vasodilation, and while it can cause other symptoms like headaches, dizziness, and hypotension, dry mouth is not considered a common or significant effect.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Given:
Volume of fluid: 100 mL
Infusion time: 4 hours
Drop factor: 60 gtt/mL
Formula:
Flow rate (gtt/min) = (Volume (mL) / Time (hr)) x Drop factor (gtt/mL) / 60 min/hr
Step 1: Calculate the infusion rate in mL/hr:
Infusion rate (mL/hr) = Volume (mL) / Time (hr)
Infusion rate (mL/hr) = 100 mL / 4 hr
Infusion rate (mL/hr) = 25 mL/hr
Step 2: Calculate the flow rate in gtt/min:
Flow rate (gtt/min) = (Infusion rate (mL/hr) x Drop factor (gtt/mL)) / 60 min/hr
Flow rate (gtt/min) = (25 mL/hr x 60 gtt/mL) / 60 min/hr
Flow rate (gtt/min) = 1500 gtt/hr / 60 min/hr
Flow rate (gtt/min) = 25 gtt/min
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