You realize that your client's bladder functions are only slightly altered by the physiological changes of age. What might you expect if an older person is experiencing urinary incontinence?

A shortened warning time between the desire to void and actual micturition

The first urge to void occurs at the midbladder volume (250-350 mL)

Diarrhea is the most common gastrointestinal complaint made to the health care provider

Constipation as a symptom of altered bladder functions

None of the above

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: A shortened warning time between the desire to void and actual micturition is a common sign of urinary incontinence in older adults. It is caused by the decreased bladder capacity, increased bladder irritability, and reduced urethral resistance that occur with aging.

Choice B reason: The first urge to void occurs at the midbladder volume (250-350 mL) is not a correct answer, as this is the normal bladder sensation for adults of all ages. It does not indicate urinary incontinence.

Choice C reason: Diarrhea is the most common gastrointestinal complaint made to the health care provider is not a correct answer, as it is not related to urinary incontinence. It is a separate condition that affects the bowel movements.

Choice D reason: Constipation as a symptom of altered bladder functions is not a correct answer, as it is not a direct cause or effect of urinary incontinence. However, constipation can worsen urinary incontinence by increasing the pressure on the bladder and pelvic floor muscles.

Choice E reason: None of the above is not a correct answer, as there is one choice that is true for urinary incontinence in older adults.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is a correct answer because Alzheimer's disease affects the brain cells and causes them to degenerate and die. This leads to a gradual decline in cognitive abilities, such as memory, language, reasoning, and problem-solving.

Choice B reason: This is a correct answer because Alzheimer's disease interferes with the daily activities and routines of the affected person. They may experience a decline from their previous level of functioning, such as forgetting appointments, misplacing items, or getting lost.

Choice C reason: This is an incorrect answer because easily frustrated is not a specific outcome of the early stage of Alzheimer's disease. Although some people with Alzheimer's disease may become frustrated, irritated, or angry due to their cognitive impairment, this is not a universal or diagnostic symptom.

Choice D reason: This is a correct answer because Alzheimer's disease affects the short-term memory first, causing the person to forget recent events, conversations, or names. This is called mild memory loss, and it is one of the most common signs of the early stage of Alzheimer's disease.

Choice E reason: This is a correct answer because Alzheimer's disease affects the frontal lobe of the brain, which is responsible for executive functions, such as planning, organizing, decision-making, and judgement. This leads to impaired judgement, such as making poor financial choices, neglecting personal hygiene, or acting inappropriately.

A. Increase in physical activity B. Blood sugar control C. Smoking cessation D. Weight reduction

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A: Increase in physical activity

Physical activity can strengthen the muscles that help control urination. Exercises such as Kegels can specifically target these muscles, leading to improvements in urinary incontinence.

Choice B: Blood sugar control

While blood sugar control is important for overall health and can prevent complications from diabetes, it is not directly associated with improvements in urinary incontinence.

Choice C: Smoking cessation

Smoking can lead to coughing which puts pressure on the bladder and can exacerbate symptoms of urinary incontinence. Therefore, smoking cessation can lead to improvements.

Choice D: Weight reduction

Excess weight can put pressure on the bladder and surrounding muscles. Losing weight can reduce this pressure and improve symptoms of urinary incontinence.

There is no Choice E in this case. Each of these interventions can contribute to overall health and may indirectly affect urinary incontinence, but Choices A, C, and D are the most directly related to improvements in this condition.

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You realize that your client's bladder functions are only slightly altered by the physiological changes of age. What might you expect if an older person is experiencing urinary incontinence?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

An older adult is diagnosed to be in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease. The diagnosis is made on the presence of which of the following outcomes? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is conducting education on urinary incontinence at a senior center. The nurse is discussing lifestyle changes that are associated with an improvement in urinary incontinence. The nurse includes which of the following interventions? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

Which of the following is a true statement concerning suicide among older adults?

Which are potential results of end-organ damage from chronic hypertension? (Select all that apply.)

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During an assessment, an older adult male client reports that he fell the night before. What should you follow up with? (Select all that apply.)

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. Which signs and symptoms indicate hyperthyroidism? (Select all that apply.)

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In a long-term care facility, a nurse is having a discussion with the nurse aides about ways to deal with dementia clients who are uncooperative with mouth care. Appropriate methods to use include which of the following?

When educating a client on the use of an adjuvant medication, which statement best demonstrates the nurse’s understanding of this therapy?