You realize that your client's bladder functions are only slightly altered by the physiological changes of age. What might you expect if an older person is experiencing urinary incontinence?

Choice A reason: Teaching the client alternative comfort measures is not the best recommendation for the nurse to implement, as it may imply that the client's pain is not taken seriously or that the nurse is reluctant to provide pain relief. The nurse would teach the client alternative comfort measures, such as relaxation techniques, distraction, or massage, as a supplement to the pain medication, not as a substitute.

Choice B reason: Telling the client that it is too soon for pain medication is not a good recommendation for the nurse to implement, as it may make the client feel dismissed, ignored, or judged. The nurse would follow the prescribed pain medication schedule, but also consider the client's individual needs and preferences, and adjust the dosage or frequency as needed, with the doctor's approval.

Choice C reason: Administering the pain medication as requested by the client is not a safe recommendation for the nurse to implement, as it may cause overdose, addiction, or adverse effects. The nurse would administer the pain medication as prescribed by the doctor, and monitor the client's response, side effects, and vital signs.

Choice D reason: Validating the pain with other assessment data is the best recommendation for the nurse to implement, as it shows respect, empathy, and professionalism. The nurse would acknowledge the client's pain, ask about the location, intensity, quality, and duration of the pain, and use a pain scale or a pain assessment tool to measure the pain. The nurse would also check for any physical or behavioral signs of pain, such as grimacing, guarding, or restlessness. The nurse would document the pain assessment and report any changes or concerns to the doctor.

Choice A: Reduce the proportion of older adults with untreated caries. This is a correct answer because it is one of the Healthy People 2020 oral health objectives for older adults¹. Untreated caries can lead to pain, infection, tooth loss, and reduced quality of life². Reducing the prevalence of untreated caries can improve the oral health and well-being of older adults.

Choice B: Reduce the proportion of adults with untreated dental decay. This is an incorrect answer because it is not specific to older adults. The Healthy People 2020 oral health objectives for adults include reducing the proportion of adults aged 35 to 44 years with untreated dental decay¹. However, this does not address the unique needs and challenges of older adults, such as increased risk of root caries, dry mouth, and periodontal disease².

Choice C: Prevent and control oral and craniofacial diseases, conditions, and injuries. This is a correct answer because it is the overall goal of the Healthy People 2020 oral health objectives¹. Oral and craniofacial diseases, conditions, and injuries can affect the function, appearance, and quality of life of older adults². Preventing and controlling these problems can help older adults maintain their oral health and general health.

Choice D: Improve access to preventive services and dental care. This is a correct answer because it is one of the Healthy People 2020 oral health objectives for older adults¹. Access to preventive services and dental care can help older adults prevent oral diseases, detect problems early, and receive appropriate treatment². However, many older adults face barriers to accessing oral health care, such as lack of dental insurance, transportation, or awareness³. Improving access to oral health care can reduce these disparities and improve the oral health outcomes of older adults.