You realize that your client's bladder functions are only slightly altered by the physiological changes of age. What might you expect if an older person is experiencing urinary incontinence?
A shortened warning time between the desire to void and actual micturition
The first urge to void occurs at the midbladder volume (250-350 mL)
Diarrhea is the most common gastrointestinal complaint made to the health care provider
Constipation as a symptom of altered bladder functions
None of the above
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: A shortened warning time between the desire to void and actual micturition is a common sign of urinary incontinence in older adults. It is caused by the decreased bladder capacity, increased bladder irritability, and reduced urethral resistance that occur with aging.
Choice B reason: The first urge to void occurs at the midbladder volume (250-350 mL) is not a correct answer, as this is the normal bladder sensation for adults of all ages. It does not indicate urinary incontinence.
Choice C reason: Diarrhea is the most common gastrointestinal complaint made to the health care provider is not a correct answer, as it is not related to urinary incontinence. It is a separate condition that affects the bowel movements.
Choice D reason: Constipation as a symptom of altered bladder functions is not a correct answer, as it is not a direct cause or effect of urinary incontinence. However, constipation can worsen urinary incontinence by increasing the pressure on the bladder and pelvic floor muscles.
Choice E reason: None of the above is not a correct answer, as there is one choice that is true for urinary incontinence in older adults.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is incorrect because any exertion on the part of an older adult with heart disease does not necessarily result in death. Exertion can increase the oxygen demand of the heart and cause angina, or chest pain, but it can also be beneficial for the cardiovascular health and fitness of the older adult, if done within the limits of their tolerance and under medical supervision.
Choice B reason: This is incorrect because myocardial infarction is not the same as heart attack, cardiac arrest, or coronary thrombosis, although they are related terms. Myocardial infarction is the medical term for the death of a part of the heart muscle due to lack of blood supply. Heart attack is the common term for myocardial infarction. Cardiac arrest is the sudden loss of heart function, which can be caused by myocardial infarction or other factors. Coronary thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot in a coronary artery, which can lead to myocardial infarction.
Choice C reason: This is correct because both excessive undernutrition and overnutrition can contribute to heart disease. Undernutrition can cause malnutrition, anemia, and low immunity, which can increase the risk of infections and inflammation that can damage the heart. Overnutrition can cause obesity, diabetes, and high cholesterol, which can increase the risk of atherosclerosis and hypertension that can impair the blood flow to the heart.
Choice D reason: This is incorrect because a person with diabetes should have their blood pressure checked regularly, but this is not a statement about heart disease in Kenya. Diabetes is a risk factor for heart disease, as it can damage the blood vessels and nerves that control the heart. However, this statement is applicable to any person with diabetes, regardless of their location.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Evaluating the medication list is a possible step that the nurse can take, as some medications can affect urine concentration or cause dehydration. However, it is not the first step that the nurse should implement, as it does not address the immediate problem of fluid balance.
Choice B reason: Reviewing laboratory reports is another possible step that the nurse can take, as some laboratory tests can indicate the level of hydration or kidney function of the patient. However, it is not the first step that the nurse should implement, as it does not provide a direct assessment of fluid status.
Choice C reason: Increasing oral fluid intake is a potential intervention that the nurse can suggest, as it can help to dilute the urine and prevent dehydration. However, it is not the first step that the nurse should implement, as it may not be appropriate for some patients who have fluid restrictions or other medical conditions.
Choice D reason: Determining fluid volume status is the first step that the nurse should implement, as it can help to identify the cause and severity of urine concentration and guide further actions. The nurse can assess the patient's fluid intake and output, weight, blood pressure, pulse, skin turgor, mucous membranes, and urine specific gravity to determine fluid volume status.
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