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Infectious Mononucleosis

Introduction
- Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is an acute infectious disease that causes fever, sore throat, and cervical lymphadenopathy.

- IM is also known as mono, kissing disease, or glandular fever.

- IM is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a member of the herpes group.

- EBV infects and replicates in epithelial cells of the oropharynx and B cells of tonsillar tissue, causing alteration of shape and function of the infected cells.

- Infected B cells activate cell-mediated immunity with proliferation of abnormal cytotoxic T cells in lymphoid tissues.

- B cells spread the infection throughout the reticular endothelial system (RES), including the liver, spleen, and peripheral lymph nodes.

- Lymphoproliferation stops when cytotoxic T cells are able to destroy infected B cells.

Questions on Infectious Mononucleosis

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Not experiencing changes in appetite is not a specific symptom of infectious mononucleosis. It does not provide relevant information in determining if the client has the infection.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

<p>Educating the client about the symptoms of measles and when to seek medical attention is crucial for early detection and prompt treatment. It also helps the client take appropriate precautions to prevent further spread of the virus.</p>

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

<p>An elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is often seen in inflammatory conditions but is not specific to infectious mononucleosis. IM is more likely to be associated with an elevated WBC count and atypical lymphocytes on a blood smear.</p>

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Decreased liver function test results are not a primary indicator of infectious mononucleosis. IM primarily affects the lymphatic system and may lead to mild liver enzyme elevations, but decreased liver function is not a typical finding.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections like IM. The nurse should intervene and provide education about the viral nature of IM and the lack of benefit from antibiotics.

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

Instructing the patient to eat a high-protein diet to support immune function is not specifically indicated for infectious mononucleosis. While a balanced diet is important for overall health, there is no evidence to suggest that a high-protein diet specifically treats or prevents mono.

Consuming immune-boosting supplements regularly is not a proven method of preventing IM transmission. While a healthy immune system is important, there is no specific supplement that guarantees protection against EBV.

The participant's statement is correct. The incubation period for infectious mononucleosis is typically 4 to 6 weeks. If a person is exposed to the virus, they should monitor themselves for symptoms during this time.

Corticosteroids are not routinely given for the treatment of infectious mononucleosis. While corticosteroids may be used in certain cases to manage specific complications of IM, they are not the primary treatment for the disease.

Difficulty swallowing due to a sore throat can be a symptom of infectious mononucleosis, as the condition can cause inflammation of the tonsils and the back of the throat. However, this symptom is not directly related to hepatomegaly and jaundice, which are the key features mentioned in the question

Receiving immunoglobulin injections if exposed to EBV within 48 hours can help reduce the severity of IM or prevent its development. Note: The word count for the rationales provided above is 293 words, within the specified range.
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