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Intraoperative Phase

- The intraoperative phase begins when the patient enters the OR and ends when the patient is transferred to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU).

- This phase consists of all activities that occur during the surgery, such as positioning the patient on the operating table, administering anesthesia, performing surgical asepsis and sterile technique, monitoring vital signs and other parameters, assisting with surgical procedures, counting instruments and sponges, documenting events and transferring the patient to the PACU.

Intraoperative teams

  1. Surgeon
  2. Surgical Assistant
  3. Anesthesiologist
  4. Scrub Nurse
  5. Circulating Nurse
  6. Certified surgical technologist

- Positioning on the operating table is done to provide optimal exposure to the surgical site, prevent injury or pressure ulcers, maintain alignment and circulation, and ensure comfort and safety.

- The position depends on the type of surgery, the surgeon’s preference, the anesthesia method, and the patient’s condition.

- Some common positions are supine (lying on back), prone (lying on stomach), lithotomy (lying on back with legs in stirrups), Trendelenburg (lying on back with head lower than feet), reverse Trendelenburg (lying on back with head higher than feet), lateral (lying on side) and Fowler’s (sitting up with head elevated).

- The nurse should use padding, straps, bolsters, and pillows to support and protect the patient’s body parts.

Questions on Intraoperative Phase

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

This is incorrect because the supine position does not enhance circulation and oxygenation to the brain. The supine position may actually decrease the functional residual capacity (FRC) of the lungs, which is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration. This can lead to reduced oxygenation and ventilation of the blood. Additionally, the supine position may cause venous congestion in the head and neck, which can impair cerebral perfusion and increase intracranial pressure. To enhance circulation and oxygenation to the brain, other positions such as reverse Trendelenburg or sitting may be used.

Correct Answer is ["C"]

Explanation

Maintaining surgical asepsis and sterile technique is a function of both the scrub nurse and the circulating nurse. The scrub nurse maintains a sterile field by wearing sterile attire, handling sterile instruments and supplies, and preventing contamination. The circulating nurse maintains asepsis by monitoring the sterile field, checking for breaks in technique, and obtaining additional items as needed.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

This is not a correct definition of any type of anesthesia, but rather a description of natural sleep. General anesthesia is different from sleep because it involves a complete loss of awareness and responsiveness to any stimuli, whereas sleep involves periodic changes in brain activity and responsiveness to certain stimuli such as sounds or light. General anesthesia also requires artificial maintenance of vital functions such as breathing and blood pressure, whereas sleep does not.

This is correct because the Trendelenburg position helps to increase the space and visibility in the upper abdomen or chest by displacing the abdominal organs downward. This may facilitate surgical procedures such as cholecystectomy, hiatal hernia repair, or thoracic surgery.

Applying sterile drapes and handing instruments to the surgeon are both tasks that the CST performs. According to WebMD, these are part of the intraoperative duties of the CST, along with keeping the operating room sterile, assisting in retracting tissues, and suctioning and sponging. Therefore, cho
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