Types of Goitre
Goitre can be classified based on its size, cause, and characteristics:
- Diffuse Goitre: Uniform enlargement of the entire thyroid gland.
- Multinodular Goitre: Characterized by multiple nodules or lumps within the thyroid.
- Solitary Nodule Goitre: A single distinct nodule within the thyroid gland.
- Endemic Goitre: Widespread occurrence in areas with iodine deficiency.
- Toxic Goitre (Graves' Disease): Accompanied by hyperthyroidism due to autoimmune stimulation of the thyroid gland.
- Non-Toxic Goitre: Enlargement without significant changes in thyroid hormone levels.
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Questions on Types of Goitre
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
<p>A goiter does not cause inflammation of the adrenal glands; it is specific to the thyroid gland.</p>
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
<p>The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck, just below the Adam's apple. Palpation of this area can help assess for the presence of a goiter.</p>
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
<p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not directly associated with goiter development.</p>
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
<p>Heat intolerance is a symptom of hyperthyroidism but not specifically related to goiter compression.</p>
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
<p>Iron is important for red blood cell production but not specifically related to goiter prevention.</p>
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
<p>An endemic goiter is caused by iodine deficiency and is not specifically related to thyroid hormone overproduction.</p>
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
<p>A multinodular goiter is characterized by the presence of multiple nodules within the thyroid gland. These nodules can be benign or malignant.</p>
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
<p>A multinodular goiter may or may not be associated with iodine deficiency and is characterized by the presence of multiple nodules within the thyroid gland.</p>
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
<p>An endemic goiter is caused by iodine deficiency and is not specifically characterized by a large, diffuse, painless swelling.</p>
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
<p>An endemic goiter is caused by iodine deficiency and is not specifically associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.</p>
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
<p>Iodine deficiency is a common cause of goiter, especially in regions where there is insufficient dietary intake of iodine, leading to inadequate production of thyroid hormones.</p>
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
<p>Antithyroid medications, such as propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole, can interfere with thyroid hormone synthesis and contribute to the development of goiter.</p>
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
<p>Cushing's syndrome is caused by excessive cortisol production and is not the primary cause of goiter.</p>
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
<p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not directly related to the development of a goiter.</p>
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
<p>A family history of thyroid disorders, especially goiter or autoimmune thyroid conditions, can contribute to the development of goiter in individuals with a genetic predisposition.</p>
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
<p>Excessive thirst is not a typical clinical manifestation of a goiter.</p>
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
<p>Swollen ankles are not typically associated with a large goiter pressing on the trachea.</p>
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
<p>Hyperthyroidism, which can be associated with a goiter, often leads to a rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) as a result of increased thyroid hormone levels.</p>
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
<p>Hypothyroidism, which can be associated with a goiter, often leads to fatigue and lethargy due to decreased thyroid hormone levels.</p>
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
<p>Exophthalmos (bulging eyes) is associated with hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease) and is not typically seen in iodine deficiency-related goiter.</p>
<p>Serum creatinine level is used to assess kidney function and is not directly related to thyroid function or goiter diagnosis.</p>
<p>Detecting inflammation in the thyroid gland is not the primary purpose of the RAIU test and is not directly related to goiter diagnosis.</p>
<p>Thyroid ultrasound is a noninvasive imaging technique that uses sound waves to visualize the thyroid gland, assess its size, shape, and characteristics, and identify any abnormalities or nodules.<br />
</p>
<p>Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy involves using a thin needle to aspirate a tissue sample from the thyroid nodule. The tissue sample is then analyzed to determine if the nodule is benign or malignant, helping in the diagnosis of a goiter.<br />
</p>
<p>C-reactive protein (CRP) level is a marker of inflammation and is not directly related to thyroid function or goiter diagnosis.</p>
<p>Avoiding foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids is not necessary and is not directly related to managing a goiter.</p>
<p>Metformin (Glucophage) is used to manage diabetes and is not related to managing hyperthyroidism or goiter.</p>
<p>Applying warm compresses to the neck can help alleviate discomfort, improve circulation, and promote thyroid health.</p>
<p>Nephrectomy involves the removal of a kidney and is not directly related to goiter treatment.</p>
<p>Encouraging the client to flex the neck frequently is not recommended after thyroidectomy as it may strain the surgical site and potentially lead to complications.</p>
<p>Compression of the trachea by a large goiter can lead to difficulty breathing (dyspnea) due to airway obstruction. This is an important complication to monitor for in clients with goiter.</p>
<p>Gastrointestinal bleeding is not a direct complication of an untreated or inadequately managed goiter.</p>
<p>An enlarged thyroid gland pressing on the esophagus can lead to difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) as a potential complication.</p>
<p>Peripheral neuropathy is not directly related to pressure on the recurrent laryngeal nerve by an enlarged thyroid gland.</p>
<p>The release of excess thyroid hormones into the bloodstream can lead to a life-threatening condition called thyroid storm, characterized by severe hyperthyroidism.</p>
<p>Cyanotic nail beds are not a specific finding associated with a goiter.</p>
<p>Being physically inactive is not directly linked to the development of goiter.</p>
<p>Hypertension is not a direct cause of goiter.</p>
<p>Thyroid function blood tests, such as measuring levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3), are the most accurate indicators of thyroid function.</p>
<p>Using over-the-counter pain relievers to manage discomfort associated with goiter is a reasonable approach.</p>
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