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Ati Med Surg Quiz
Ati Med Surg Quiz
Total Questions : 23
Showing 10 questions Sign up for moreThe nurse is providing discharge education for a client who will be taking ferrous sulfate orally. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
Explanation
A. Ferrous sulfate does not aid in vitamin B12 absorption; vitamin B12 requires intrinsic factor for absorption in the ileum.
B. Milk contains calcium, which can inhibit iron absorption, making it a poor choice for administration.
C. Meat and green leafy vegetables are high in iron, and their intake should not be reduced as they help maintain iron levels.
D. Acidic juices (such as orange juice) enhance iron absorption by keeping iron in its more soluble ferrous form.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of hemolytic anemia. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Explanation
A. Hemolytic anemia is characterized by increased RBC destruction, leading to anemia. This destruction may be caused by autoimmune disorders, infections, or inherited conditions like sickle cell disease.
B. Decreased RBC production is more characteristic of aplastic anemia or anemia of chronic disease.
C. Iron deficiency anemia, not hemolytic anemia, results from decreased iron intake.
D. An inability to absorb vitamin B12 is seen in pernicious anemia, not hemolytic anemia.
An RN is reviewing diagnostic tests for different types of anemia with a student nurse. Which of the following does the student correctly state is used for the diagnosis of types of anemia? (Select all that apply).
Explanation
A. ELISA – Used for detecting infections or immune conditions but is not specific for anemia.
B. Schilling Test – Used to diagnose vitamin B12 deficiency and pernicious anemia.
C. Hemoglobin Electrophoresis – Used to diagnose sickle cell anemia and thalassemias by identifying abnormal hemoglobin variants.
D. Western Blot – Used to confirm infections like HIV, not to diagnose anemia.
E. Ferritin and Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC) – Help assess iron status and diagnose iron deficiency anemia.
A client has an order for one unit of packed cells. What is a correct nursing action in the administration of this product?
Explanation
A. Blood should be administered with a Y-tubing set that has normal saline as the only compatible fluid.
B. A 24-gauge IV is too small; at least an 18- or 20-gauge IV is recommended for blood administration.
C. If a transfusion reaction occurs, the line should be discontinued, and the normal saline should not be used to flush the remaining blood.
D. Blood transfusions must be initiated within 30 minutes of receipt from the blood bank to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination.
The nurse is caring for a client who has just been admitted for vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis. The client's Vital signs are: HR 1 10/min, BP 138/82, RR 22, Sp02 97% on 2 liters oxygen by nasal cannula. T. 98.8. pain 10/10 to the left lower extremity. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Explanation
A. The client’s SpO2 is already at 97%, so increasing oxygen is unnecessary. Oxygen is only required if hypoxia is present.
B. Pain management is the priority in vaso-occlusive crisis. Severe pain leads to stress, increasing oxygen demand and worsening sickling. IV opioids (e.g., morphine) are the standard treatment.
C. The BP is elevated but not critically high, and pain-related stress may be contributing. Treating pain first is the priority.
D. IV fluids help with hydration and reducing sickling, but pain management should be addressed first to provide immediate relief.
A nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with anemia related to gastrointestinal (61) bleeding. Which prescription would the nurse expect at discharge?
Explanation
A. Warfarin is an anticoagulant and could worsen bleeding; it is contraindicated in GI bleeding cases.
B. Vitamin D is essential for bone health but does not directly treat anemia.
C. Iron supplements are commonly prescribed for anemia due to GI bleeding because chronic blood loss leads to iron deficiency. Iron supplementation helps replenish iron stores necessary for RBC production.
D. Zidovudine is an antiretroviral medication used for HIV treatment and is unrelated to anemia from GI bleeding.
A client is prescribed 1 g potassium phosphate IV to be infused continuously over 6 hr. Available is 1 g potassium phosphate in 250 mL dextrose 5% water The nurse should set the IV pump to run at how many mL/hr? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Explanation
The total volume to be infused is 250 mL.
The total time for the infusion is 6 hours.
Infusion rate = Total Volume/time= 250/6
= 41.67 ml/hr
= 42 mL/hr (rounded off to the nearest whole number)
A group of nurses are discussing risk factors for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from clients. Which of the following individuals should the nurse identify as being at the greatest risk for contracting HIV?
Explanation
A. Collecting saliva samples does not pose a high risk, as HIV is not transmitted through saliva.
B. Occupational therapists generally do not have exposure to body fluids in a way that increases HIV risk.
C. Personal trainers do not have exposure to clients’ blood or body fluids in a way that increases transmission risk.
D. A phlebotomist handling blood samples has the highest risk of occupational exposure to HIV, particularly through needlestick injuries or improper handling of blood specimens.
The nurse is caring for a client who presented to the emergency room with hemorrhage from a motor vehicle accident. The client's hemoglobin is 6.3gfdL. Which Of the following treatments would the nurse anticipate the physician ordering?
Explanation
A. Oral iron supplementation is helpful for chronic anemia but is not effective for acute blood loss.
B. A hemoglobin of 6.3 g/dL in a hemorrhagic patient requires immediate transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) to restore oxygen-carrying capacity and prevent shock.
C. Hypovolemia should be managed with isotonic IV fluids (e.g., 0.9% NS or lactated Ringer’s), not hypotonic solutions like 0.45% sodium chloride.
D. Cyanocobalamin (B-12) is used for pernicious anemia but is not relevant for acute blood loss.
The nurse is performing an assessment on a client with a diagnosis of anemia that developed as a result of blood loss after a traumatic injury. The nurse would expect to find which potential signs or symptoms in the client as a result Of severe blood loss anemia? Select all that apply.
Explanation
A. Tachycardia occurs as a compensatory mechanism to maintain oxygen delivery when hemoglobin levels are low.
B. Heat intolerance is associated with hyperthyroidism, not blood loss anemia.
C. An abnormal Schilling test is related to vitamin B12 deficiency (pernicious anemia), not blood loss anemia.
D. Weak peripheral pulses result from reduced blood volume and decreased perfusion.
E. Pale, cool skin is due to vasoconstriction and decreased perfusion in response to hypovolemia.
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